Loze G M, Collins D, Holmes P S
Department of Physical Education, Sport and Leisure Studies, University of Edinburgh, UK.
J Sports Sci. 2001 Sep;19(9):727-33. doi: 10.1080/02640410152475856.
The aim of this study was to examine the proposal that pre-shot occipital electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha-power reactivity would not only associate with, but also have a causal role in, the relative success of performance outcome in expert air-pistol shooting. Six expert air-pistol shooters performed a sixty-shot match, individually, while electroencephalograms were captured from occipital and anterior-temporal electrode sites during the aiming period (3 x 2 s epochs) before shot release. The five best shots and five worst shots were selected for each shooter on the basis of four shot quality indicators, and pre-shot EEG alpha power for best shots was compared with that of worst shots. Occipital EEG alpha power was found to increase during epochs 1-3 before best shots, but to decrease before worst shots; it was significantly greater during the final pre-shot epoch of best shots. This finding suggests that visual attention to the pistol and target was gradually suppressed during the pre-shot period of best shots, whereas it gradually increased before worst shots. In addition, significantly greater EEG alpha power was found at the left than at the right anterior-temporal site, lending support to the robust findings of previous target-sport studies. We conclude that the participants were able to shoot at the target with greatest success when not having maximal visual attention on where the pistol was aimed and that suppression of visual attention during the final seconds of the pre-shot period is a necessary prerequisite for automatic shot execution, as controlled by mechanisms of intention.
射击前枕叶脑电图（EEG）α波功率反应不仅与专业气手枪射击的相对成绩相关，而且在其中起因果作用。六名专业气手枪射手分别进行了一场60发的比赛，在射击释放前的瞄准阶段（3个2秒时段），从枕叶和颞前电极部位采集脑电图。根据四个射击质量指标，为每位射手选出五发最佳射击和五发最差射击，并比较最佳射击和最差射击前的EEGα波功率。结果发现，在最佳射击前的第1 - 3时段，枕叶EEGα波功率增加，而在最差射击前则降低；在最佳射击前的最后一个时段，其显著更高。这一发现表明，在最佳射击的射击前阶段，对气手枪和目标的视觉注意力逐渐受到抑制，而在最差射击前则逐渐增强。此外，在左颞前部位发现的EEGα波功率显著高于右颞前部位，这支持了先前目标运动研究的有力发现。我们得出结论，当对手枪瞄准位置没有最大程度的视觉注意力时，参与者能够最成功地瞄准目标，并且在射击前阶段的最后几秒抑制视觉注意力是由意图机制控制的自动射击执行的必要前提。
