Tremayne P, Barry R J
Department of Sport Studies, University of Western Sydney Macarthur, Bankstown, P.O. Box 555, Campbelltown 2560, Australia.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2001 May;41(1):19-29. doi: 10.1016/s0167-8760(00)00175-6.
This study examined patterns of physiological activity in elite pistol shooters and compared them with novice shooters. Heart rate and electrodermal activity were recorded for three 150-s epochs. Participants performed part of the Standard Pistol Shooting Protocol, firing five rounds at a target 25 m distant within the first 150 s epoch. In the second epoch, baseline data were recorded with the participant standing at rest. The third epoch was a repetition of the first epoch. For each shot, values of heart rate and skin conductance were calculated at half-second intervals from 20 s before to 10 s after the shot. In experts there was a slow reduction in skin conductance and heart rate levels prior to the shot, and a 'rebound' increase immediately following the shot, which were not apparent in the novice shooters. Pre-shot electrodermal levels for the expert shooters were lower for the best compared with the worst shots, and the duration of the pre-shot cardiac deceleration was longer and more systematic for best than for worst shots. The physiological profiles supported interpretation in terms of two separate state processes, arousal and vigilance, rather than a single construct. These physiological differences are discussed in terms of differential engagement with the task and its associated attentional narrowing in expert pistol shooters.
本研究检测了精英手枪射击运动员的生理活动模式，并将其与新手射击运动员进行比较。记录了三个150秒时段的心率和皮肤电活动。参与者执行了部分标准手枪射击规程，在第一个150秒时段内向25米远处的目标射击五发子弹。在第二个时段，记录参与者静立休息时的基线数据。第三个时段重复第一个时段。对于每一次射击，在射击前20秒至射击后10秒期间，以半秒为间隔计算心率和皮肤电导值。在专家组中，射击前皮肤电导和心率水平缓慢下降，射击后立即出现“反弹”增加，而新手射击运动员中未出现这种情况。与最差射击相比，专家射击运动员最佳射击前的皮肤电水平更低，最佳射击前心脏减速的持续时间比最差射击更长且更有规律。生理特征支持从两个独立的状态过程，即唤醒和警觉，而非单一结构的角度进行解释。根据专家手枪射击运动员在任务中的不同参与程度及其相关的注意力集中情况，对这些生理差异进行了讨论。
