Gatz M, Svedberg P, Pedersen N L, Mortimer J A, Berg S, Johansson B
Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1061, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2001 Sep;56(5):P292-300. doi: 10.1093/geronb/56.5.p292.
The association between dementia and education was studied in 143 twin pairs discordant for dementia, using a matched-pair design, and in 221 dementia cases and 442 unrelated controls from the same twin registry, using a case-control design. Low education was defined as 6 years or less of schooling. Case-control analyses with prevalent cases showed low education to be a risk for Alzheimer's disease but not dementia in general. Low education did not significantly predict incident cases. In the matched-pairs analysis, which controls for genetic and other familial influences, differences in education between demented twins and twin partners were not statistically significant. However, for Alzheimer's disease, odds ratios resulting from matched pairs and case-control analyses were similar. Twins' comparative reports about intellectual involvement earlier in their lives suggest a long-standing difference on this dimension, with less involvement by the twin who became demented.
采用配对设计，对143对患痴呆症情况不一致的双胞胎进行研究，探讨痴呆症与教育之间的关联；同时采用病例对照设计，对来自同一双胞胎登记处的221例痴呆症病例和442名无亲属关系的对照者进行研究。低教育程度定义为受教育年限为6年或更少。对现患病例的病例对照分析显示，低教育程度是患阿尔茨海默病的一个风险因素，但并非一般痴呆症的风险因素。低教育程度并不能显著预测新发病例。在控制了遗传和其他家族影响的配对分析中，患痴呆症的双胞胎与其双胞胎伙伴之间的教育差异无统计学意义。然而，对于阿尔茨海默病，配对分析和病例对照分析得出的优势比相似。双胞胎关于其早年智力活动参与情况的比较报告表明，在这方面存在长期差异，患痴呆症的双胞胎参与度较低。
