Baluga J C, Sueta A, Ceni M
Allergy and Asthma Children Service, Pereira Rossell Hospital Center, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2001 Aug;87(2):124-8. doi: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62205-3.
Asthma mortality rates have increased worldwide during the past several years despite the increased availability of new and effective medications. Few studies show reliable data from Latin American countries.
To determine asthma mortality rates from 1984 to 1998 and to relate mortality to sales of asthma medications.
We conducted a retrospective epidemiologic study in the total population of Uruguay. Data were obtained from the Department of Statistics of the Ministry of Public Health. Trends in mortality rates were analyzed using linear regression procedures. Spearman rank correlations were used to relate mortality rates to sales of asthma medications.
The mean overall mortality rate was 5.10 per 100,000 during the period 1984 to 1998, (range 6.08 to 3.39) and showed a decreasing trend (P = 0.001). During the period 1995 to 1998, a more pronounced decrease was observed (mean mortality rate, 4.10 per 100,000). In the 5- to 34-year-old age group the mean mortality rate was 0.43 (range 0.65 to 0.13). Similarly, the mortality rate in this age group decreased particularly in the 1994 to 1998 period (mean 0.19; P = 0.005). Finally, the mortality rate was inversely correlated with sales of inhaled corticosteroids; for the overall mortality rate, p = -0.71, P = 0.003; for 5- to 34-year-old age group, p = -0.63, P = 0.01.
Although mortality attributable to asthma seems to be decreasing, the overall mortality rate is still high compared with more economically developed countries. A more pronounced decrease in asthma mortality has been seen in the 5- to 34-year-old group. At present, Uruguay is a Latin American country with a low rate of asthma mortality. This is probably related to the use of new therapies to treat asthma.
尽管有更多新型有效药物可供使用，但在过去几年中，全球哮喘死亡率仍有所上升。很少有研究能提供来自拉丁美洲国家的可靠数据。
确定1984年至1998年的哮喘死亡率，并将死亡率与哮喘药物销售额相关联。
我们在乌拉圭全体人口中进行了一项回顾性流行病学研究。数据来自公共卫生部统计司。使用线性回归程序分析死亡率趋势。采用Spearman等级相关性分析将死亡率与哮喘药物销售额相关联。
1984年至1998年期间，总体平均死亡率为每10万人5.10例（范围为6.08至3.39），呈下降趋势（P = 0.001）。在1995年至1998年期间，下降更为明显（平均死亡率为每10万人4.10例）。在5至34岁年龄组中，平均死亡率为0.43（范围为0.65至0.13）。同样，该年龄组的死亡率在1994年至1998年期间尤其下降（平均为0.19；P = 0.005）。最后，死亡率与吸入性糖皮质激素的销售额呈负相关；总体死亡率方面，p = -0.71，P = 0.003；5至34岁年龄组方面，p = -0.63，P = 0.01。
尽管哮喘所致死亡率似乎在下降，但与经济更发达的国家相比，总体死亡率仍然很高。在5至34岁年龄组中，哮喘死亡率下降更为明显。目前，乌拉圭是哮喘死亡率较低的拉丁美洲国家。这可能与使用新疗法治疗哮喘有关。
