叶酸强化：对老年人群叶酸摄入量的潜在影响。

Folate fortification: potential impact on folate intake in an older population.

作者信息

Flood V M, Webb K L, Smith W, Mitchell P, Bantick J M, Macintyre R, Sindhusake D, Rubin G L

机构信息

Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

出版信息

Eur J Clin Nutr. 2001 Sep;55(9):793-800. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601228.

DOI:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601228

PMID:11528496

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To examine the potential impact of different models of folate fortification of Australian foods on the folate intakes of older Australians.

DESIGN

Dietary data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire from people attending a population-based health study.

SETTING

Two postcode areas west of Sydney, Australia.

SUBJECTS

A total of 2895 people aged over 49 y, obtained from a door knock census (79% of 3654 subjects examined).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

The folate intake in this population was estimated using four different models: (1) pre-fortification folate values; (2) current voluntary folate fortification in Australia; (3) universal fortification of all foods permitted to add folate, at 25% recommended dietary intake (RDI) per reference serve; and (4) universal fortification of all foods permitted to add folate, at 50% RDI per reference serve. The increased bioavailability of synthetic folic acid (SFA) was included in the analysis.

RESULTS

At current voluntary folate fortification, approximately 65% of this population consume 320 microg dietary folate equivalents (DFE) or more per day from diet and supplements, and 0.4% (n=10) consume greater than the recommended upper safety level of 1000 microg from SFA. More than 95% of this older population would be expected to consume more than 320 microg DFE from diet and supplements with universal fortification at 50% of the RDI, and 0.5% (n=14) may consume greater than 1000 microg/day of SFA.

CONCLUSIONS

There is unlikely to be a large increase in the proportion of older persons who are likely to consume more than the upper safety level of intake with universal folate fortification. As most of those who currently or are predicted to consume over 1000 microg SFA take supplements containing folic acid, it is highly recommended that vitamin B12 be included in any vitamin supplements containing folate.

SPONSORSHIP

This study was supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC).

摘要

目的

研究澳大利亚食品中不同叶酸强化模式对澳大利亚老年人叶酸摄入量的潜在影响。

设计

使用食物频率问卷从参与一项基于人群的健康研究的人员中收集饮食数据。

地点

澳大利亚悉尼以西的两个邮政编码区域。

研究对象

通过挨家挨户普查从3654名接受检查的对象中选取了总共2895名年龄在49岁以上的人（占79%）。

主要观察指标

使用四种不同模型估算该人群的叶酸摄入量：（1）强化前叶酸值；（2）澳大利亚目前的自愿叶酸强化；（3）对所有允许添加叶酸的食品进行普遍强化，每参考份添加25%的推荐膳食摄入量（RDI）；（4）对所有允许添加叶酸的食品进行普遍强化，每参考份添加50%的RDI。分析中纳入了合成叶酸（SFA）生物利用度的增加。

结果

在目前的自愿叶酸强化情况下，该人群中约65%的人每天从饮食和补充剂中摄入320微克或更多的膳食叶酸当量（DFE），0.4%（n = 10）的人从SFA中摄入超过推荐的1000微克安全上限。预计超过95%的老年人群在每参考份50% RDI的普遍强化情况下，从饮食和补充剂中摄入的DFE将超过320微克，0.5%（n = 14）的人可能每天摄入超过1000微克的SFA。