Shirima R, Gebre-Medhin M, Greiner T
Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Acta Paediatr. 2001 Aug;90(8):936-42.
A cross-sectional study was undertaken in a rural and an urban area in Tanzania with the aim of identifying factors related to early infant feeding practices. The study included 320 mothers from each area with infants below 7 mo of age. A significant proportion of both rural and urban mothers had erroneous beliefs about infant feeding practices. None of the socioeconomic, demographic or biological variables studied were associated with feeding practices. Urban residence was positively associated with the duration of exclusive but not predominant breastfeeding. Better knowledge about specific breastfeeding issues was positively associated with the duration of both exclusive and predominant breastfeeding. Ownership of a radio was positively associated with both exclusive and predominant breastfeeding in the rural area. Although both rural and urban mothers had a high antenatal clinic attendance rate, 65% of the rural and 14% of the urban mothers delivered at home. Urban mothers informed about breastfeeding at the antenatal clinic had better feeding practices.
We hypothesize that exclusive breastfeeding is not a traditionally recognized practice and thus its duration is mainly associated with information and knowledge about breastfeeding. This suggests that information programmes to provide knowledge, beginning at antenatal visits, may reduce premature complementation, though additional support may also be required.
在坦桑尼亚的一个农村地区和一个城市地区开展了一项横断面研究，目的是确定与早期婴儿喂养方式相关的因素。该研究纳入了来自每个地区的320名母亲，其婴儿年龄在7个月以下。农村和城市的很大一部分母亲对婴儿喂养方式都有错误观念。所研究的社会经济、人口统计学或生物学变量均与喂养方式无关。城市居住与纯母乳喂养持续时间呈正相关，但与主要母乳喂养持续时间无关。对特定母乳喂养问题有更好的了解与纯母乳喂养和主要母乳喂养的持续时间均呈正相关。在农村地区，拥有收音机与纯母乳喂养和主要母乳喂养均呈正相关。尽管农村和城市母亲的产前检查出勤率都很高，但65%的农村母亲和14%的城市母亲在家分娩。在产前诊所了解母乳喂养知识的城市母亲有更好的喂养方式。
我们推测纯母乳喂养并非传统上认可的做法，因此其持续时间主要与母乳喂养的信息和知识有关。这表明从产前检查开始提供知识的信息项目可能会减少过早添加辅食的情况，不过可能还需要额外的支持。
