Shirima R, Greiner T, Kylberg E, Gebre-Medhin M
1Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Public Health Nutr. 2001 Apr;4(2):147-54. doi: 10.1079/phn200057.
To investigate and compare feeding practices among infants of less than 7 months of age in a rural and an urban area in Tanzania.
Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based interview of mothers and focus group discussions with extension workers and community leaders.
Eleven villages in a rural district and 10 wards in an urban district in the Morogoro region, Tanzania, west of Dar es Salaam.
Probability samples of mothers with infants of less than 7 months of age from each area).
Exclusive breast-feeding was rarely practised in either the rural or urban areas investigated. However, the urban mothers initiated breast-feeding earlier, discarded colostrum less frequently, breast-fed exclusively for a longer period, gave breast milk as the first feed more often and delayed the introduction of solid foods for longer than their rural counterparts. The rural mothers, on the other hand, breast-fed their previous infants slightly longer than the urban mothers.
The better performance of urban mothers could be partly due to sustained breast-feeding support in hospital settings and other campaigns which may not have reached the rural areas. In both the rural and urban areas more efforts are needed to encourage exclusive breast-feeding, to avoid premature complementation and, in the case of the urban areas, to protect extended breast-feeding.
调查并比较坦桑尼亚农村和城市地区7个月以下婴儿的喂养方式。
对母亲进行基于问卷的横断面访谈，并与推广工作人员和社区领袖进行焦点小组讨论。
坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆以西莫罗戈罗地区一个农村县的11个村庄和一个城市县的10个区。
来自每个地区的7个月以下婴儿母亲的概率样本。
在所调查的农村和城市地区，纯母乳喂养都很少见。然而，城市母亲开始母乳喂养的时间更早，丢弃初乳的频率更低，纯母乳喂养的时间更长，更常将母乳作为第一次喂养，并比农村母亲更长时间推迟引入固体食物。另一方面，农村母亲母乳喂养前一个婴儿的时间比城市母亲略长。
城市母亲表现较好的部分原因可能是医院环境中的持续母乳喂养支持以及其他可能未覆盖农村地区的活动。在农村和城市地区，都需要做出更多努力来鼓励纯母乳喂养，避免过早添加辅食，并且在城市地区，要保护延长母乳喂养。
