Ruffman T, Rustin C, Garnham W, Parkin A J
Experimental Psychology, University of Sussex, East Sussex, United Kingdom.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2001 Oct;80(2):95-111. doi: 10.1006/jecp.2001.2632.
We presented children aged 6, 8, and 10 years with a video and then an audio tape about a dog named Mick. Some information was repeated in the two sources and some was unique to one source. We examined: (a) children's hit rate for remembering whether events occurred and their tendency to make false alarms, (b) their memory for the context in which events occurred (source monitoring), (c) their certainty about hits, false alarms, and source, and (d) whether working memory and inhibition were related to hits, false alarms, and source monitoring. The certainty ratings revealed deficits in children's understanding of when they had erred on source questions and of when they had made false alarms. In addition, inhibitory ability accounted for unique variance in the ability to avoid false alarms and in some kinds of source monitoring but not hits. In contrast, working memory tended to correlate with all forms of memory including hits.
我们向6岁、8岁和10岁的儿童播放了一段关于一只名叫米克的狗的视频，然后又播放了一盘录音带。两个来源中有些信息是重复的，有些则是某个来源独有的。我们考察了：(a) 儿童记住事件是否发生的命中率以及他们产生误报的倾向；(b) 他们对事件发生背景的记忆（来源监控）；(c) 他们对命中、误报和来源的确定程度；以及(d) 工作记忆和抑制能力是否与命中、误报和来源监控有关。确定程度评分显示，儿童在理解自己在来源问题上何时出错以及何时产生误报方面存在缺陷。此外，抑制能力在避免误报的能力和某些类型的来源监控中解释了独特的方差，但在命中方面则不然。相比之下，工作记忆往往与包括命中在内的所有记忆形式相关。
