Schaaf Jennifer M, Alexander Kristen Weede, Goodman Gail S
Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2008 Jul;100(3):157-85. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2007.09.002. Epub 2007 Dec 3.
The current study was designed to investigate children's memory and suggestibility for events differing in valence (positive or negative) and veracity (true or false). A total of 82 3- and 5-year-olds were asked repeated questions about true and false events, either in a grouped order (i.e., all questions about a certain event asked consecutively) or in a nongrouped order (i.e., questions about a certain event were interspersed with questions about other events). Interviewer gender was also varied. Individual differences, including attachment style, inhibition, and behavioral adjustment, were examined as potential predictors of memory and suggestibility. Results revealed significant age, valence, and veracity effects on children's memory reports. Path analysis demonstrated that individual differences in behavioral problems and inhibitory ability predicted children's provision of inaccurate information. Implications for psychological theory and legal application are discussed.
本研究旨在调查儿童对不同效价（积极或消极）和真实性（真实或虚假）事件的记忆及受暗示性。共82名3岁和5岁儿童被问及关于真实和虚假事件的重复问题，问题呈现顺序分为分组顺序（即关于某一特定事件的所有问题连续提问）或非分组顺序（即关于某一特定事件的问题与关于其他事件的问题穿插提问）。访谈者性别也有所不同。研究考察了个体差异，包括依恋风格、抑制能力和行为调节，作为记忆和受暗示性的潜在预测因素。结果显示，年龄、效价和真实性对儿童的记忆报告有显著影响。路径分析表明，行为问题和抑制能力的个体差异可预测儿童提供不准确信息的情况。文中还讨论了本研究对心理学理论和法律应用的启示。
