Goran Michael I.
Division of Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.
Am J Hum Biol. 1999;11(2):201-207. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6300(1999)11:2<201::AID-AJHB8>3.0.CO;2-R.
Visceral fat, or intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) lies deep within the abdominal cavity and can only be directly quantified with imaging techniques. IAAT has been detected in children as young as 5 years of age. IAAT generally increases in proportion with general fatness, but the relationship between IAAT and total body fat is complex; in children, a major portion of the variance in IAAT is independent of total body fat. The waist-to-hip ratio and the trunk:extremity skinfold ratio are not good indices of IAAT in children, and central skinfolds and waist circumference alone are highly correlated with IAAT as well as subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (r = 0.85-0.92). African-American children have less IAAT than Caucasian children, and gender differences in IAAT become more apparent after adolescence. Preliminary evidence in children suggests that IAAT may have a stronger influence on cardiovascular risk factors than dietary fat intake. Preliminary evidence in children also suggests that acquisition of IAAT during growth is a linear process that occurs in proportion to general increases in body fat. The study of the regulation of IAAT acquisition during childhood development and its relationship with long-term disease risk is in its early infancy and further studies are required. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 11:201-207, 1999. Copyright 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
内脏脂肪，即腹内脂肪组织（IAAT），位于腹腔深处，只能通过成像技术直接定量。在年仅5岁的儿童中就已检测到IAAT。IAAT通常与总体肥胖程度成比例增加，但IAAT与全身脂肪之间的关系很复杂；在儿童中，IAAT的大部分变异独立于全身脂肪。腰臀比和躯干与四肢皮褶比并非儿童IAAT的良好指标，仅中央皮褶厚度和腰围与IAAT以及腹部皮下脂肪组织高度相关（r = 0.85 - 0.92）。非裔美国儿童的IAAT比白人儿童少，IAAT的性别差异在青春期后变得更加明显。儿童的初步证据表明，IAAT对心血管危险因素的影响可能比膳食脂肪摄入量更大。儿童的初步证据还表明，生长过程中IAAT的积累是一个线性过程，与身体脂肪的总体增加成比例。关于儿童期发育过程中IAAT积累的调节及其与长期疾病风险关系的研究尚处于初期阶段，还需要进一步研究。《美国人类生物学杂志》11:201 - 207，1999年。版权所有1999年威利 - 利斯公司。
