Katzmarzyk Peter T., Pérusse Louis, Bouchard Claude
Physical Activity Sciences Laboratory, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Québec, G1K 7P4, Canada.
Am J Hum Biol. 1999;11(2):225-235. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6300(1999)11:2<225::AID-AJHB10>3.0.CO;2-J.
The purpose of this review is to explore the evidence accumulated thus far that suggests a genetic component to the observed variation in abdominal visceral fat (AVF) levels. The precise determination of AVF levels in humans is limited to methods such as computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging; thus, few studies have examined the role of genetic factors on this phenotype. Evidence from the Québec Family Study (QFS) and the HERITAGE Family Study indicates that between 50-55% of the variance in AVF levels, adjusted for total fatness, is attributable to genetic factors. Additionally, a major gene hypothesis for AVF was supported in the both the QFS and HERITAGE Family Study. However, after adjustment for total fat mass the support for a major gene was reduced, suggesting that a major gene which affects fat mass may also affect AVF either directly (pleiotropy), or indirectly. The search for candidate genes that may impact AVF levels is in its infancy, and few candidate genes have been identified. However, the glucocorticoid receptor (GRL), ss3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3), and fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) genes have been significantly associated with AVF or intra-abdominal fat levels in humans. In addition, three quantitative trait loci obtained from crosses of mice, the Do2, Mob4, and Qbw1 loci have been linked with mesenteric or abdominal fat and are thus considered positional candidate genes for AVF levels. The search for candidate genes or random genetic markers associated with AVF levels is a challenging prospect. However, given the significant heritability of this phenotype, the quest remains promising. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 11:225-235, 1999. Copyright 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
本综述的目的是探讨迄今为止积累的证据，这些证据表明观察到的腹部内脏脂肪（AVF）水平变化存在遗传成分。人类AVF水平的精确测定仅限于计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像等方法；因此，很少有研究探讨遗传因素对该表型的作用。来自魁北克家庭研究（QFS）和遗传遗产家庭研究的证据表明，在根据总体脂进行调整后，AVF水平变异的50 - 55%可归因于遗传因素。此外，QFS和遗传遗产家庭研究均支持AVF的主基因假说。然而，在对总体脂质量进行调整后，对主基因的支持有所减少，这表明影响脂肪量的主基因可能直接（基因多效性）或间接影响AVF。寻找可能影响AVF水平的候选基因尚处于起步阶段，目前仅鉴定出少数候选基因。然而，糖皮质激素受体（GRL）、β3肾上腺素能受体（ADRB3）和脂肪酸结合蛋白2（FABP2）基因已与人类的AVF或腹部脂肪水平显著相关。此外，从小鼠杂交中获得的三个数量性状位点，即Do2、Mob4和Qbw1位点，已与肠系膜或腹部脂肪相关联，因此被视为AVF水平的位置候选基因。寻找与AVF水平相关的候选基因或随机遗传标记是一项具有挑战性的任务。然而，鉴于该表型具有显著的遗传性，这一探索仍充满希望。《美国人类生物学杂志》11:225 - 235，1999年。版权所有1999威利 - 利斯公司。
