Tanaka Hideyuki
Department of Computer and Communication Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
Am J Hum Biol. 1999;11(3):343-357. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6300(1999)11:3<343::AID-AJHB6>3.0.CO;2-H.
A new method is presented for the numerical analysis of bilateral differences in the size and shape of the proximal humeral outlines using elliptical Fourier functions (EFFs). A skeletal sample of 36 pairs of right and left humeri was used. The proximal superior view in the plane of the proximodistal axis of each humerus was photographed with an 800 mm telephoto lens. The two-dimensional humeral outlines were carefully traced onto acetate sheets and 54 boundary points were located. These points were digitized and used to compute size-standardized EFFs with 27 harmonics. From the EFFs, a set of expected points on the proximal humeral outline was generated using the centroid as an origin. Superimposition of the right and left humeral outlines on this centroid provided a detailed picture of the relative bilateral shape differences with respect to that center. The proximal humeri showed significant bilateral size and shape differences, although the pattern of asymmetry in shape varied with respect to the region on the boundary outline. In particular, one localized aspect, the tubercular region of the proximal humeri showed significant bilateral shape differences. In contrast, the humeral head consistently showed not only a much smaller degree of bilateral shape differences, but also much less variability in size as well as shape. The results suggest that while the overall articular shape changes little with altered mechanical loadings placed on articular surfaces, the changes in the tubercular regions of the proximal humeri may be susceptible to the varying stresses associated with particular physical activities. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 11:343-357, 1999. Copyright 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
本文提出了一种新方法，用于使用椭圆傅里叶函数（EFFs）对肱骨近端轮廓的大小和形状的双侧差异进行数值分析。使用了一个包含36对左右肱骨的骨骼样本。用800毫米长焦镜头拍摄每个肱骨近端-远端轴平面上的近端上视图。将二维肱骨轮廓仔细描绘在醋酸纤维板上，并确定54个边界点。这些点被数字化，并用于计算具有27个谐波的大小标准化EFFs。从EFFs中，以质心为原点生成一组肱骨近端轮廓上的预期点。将左右肱骨轮廓叠加在该质心上，提供了相对于该中心的相对双侧形状差异的详细图像。近端肱骨显示出明显的双侧大小和形状差异，尽管形状不对称模式因边界轮廓上的区域而异。特别是，一个局部方面，近端肱骨的结节区域显示出明显的双侧形状差异。相比之下，肱骨头不仅始终显示出小得多的双侧形状差异程度，而且在大小和形状上的变异性也小得多。结果表明，虽然关节的整体形状随施加在关节表面的机械负荷变化不大，但近端肱骨结节区域的变化可能易受与特定身体活动相关的不同应力的影响。《美国人类生物学杂志》11:343 - 357，1999年。版权所有1999威利 - 利斯公司。
