Carretero-Krug Alejandra, Montero-Bravo Ana, Morais-Moreno Carmen, Puga Ana M, Samaniego-Vaesken Mª de Lourdes, Partearroyo Teresa, Varela-Moreiras Gregorio
Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia "Nutrición para la vida (Nutrition for Life)", Ref: E02/0720, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain.
Instituto CEU Alimentación y Sociedad, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain.
Nutrients. 2024 Jan 19;16(2):301. doi: 10.3390/nu16020301.
Adequate nutrition during breastfeeding is crucial for ensuring the good health of mothers and babies. Despite the high energy and nutrient demands of breastfeeding, lactating women are often vulnerable from a nutritional perspective. The nutritional focus during breastfeeding tends to be on the newborn, often neglecting the mother's diet. Therefore, in the present narrative review, nutrient intakes were compared with the dietary reference values (DRVs) proposed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) as well as by the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization (WHO/FAO). In the diets of lactating mothers, dietary inadequacies were observed in the intake of some vitamins, such as folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin A, and vitamin D, and in the intake of certain minerals like calcium, iron, and iodine; polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid deficiencies, primarily in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, were also observed. On the other hand, the debate on the necessity of supplementation during lactation continues; the need for nutritional supplementation during lactation depends on many factors, such us mothers' eating habits. There seems to be a positive association between nutritional supplementation of the lactating mother and the concentration of certain nutrients in human milk. The present narrative review provides an update on the nutritional status (fatty acids and micronutrients) of breastfeeding mothers and the impact of diet and dietary supplementation on human milk composition.
母乳喂养期间充足的营养对于确保母婴健康至关重要。尽管母乳喂养对能量和营养的需求很高，但从营养角度来看，哺乳期妇女往往较为脆弱。母乳喂养期间的营养关注点往往在新生儿身上，常常忽视母亲的饮食。因此，在本篇叙述性综述中，将营养素摄入量与欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）以及世界卫生组织/联合国粮食及农业组织（WHO/FAO）提出的膳食参考值（DRVs）进行了比较。在哺乳期母亲的饮食中，观察到某些维生素（如叶酸、维生素B12、维生素A和维生素D）以及某些矿物质（如钙、铁和碘）的摄入量存在不足；还观察到多不饱和ω-3脂肪酸缺乏，主要是二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸。另一方面，关于哺乳期补充营养必要性的争论仍在继续；哺乳期是否需要营养补充取决于许多因素，如母亲的饮食习惯。哺乳期母亲的营养补充与母乳中某些营养素的浓度之间似乎存在正相关。本篇叙述性综述提供了关于母乳喂养母亲营养状况（脂肪酸和微量营养素）以及饮食和膳食补充对母乳成分影响的最新情况。
