Benton E V
Department of Physics, University of San Francisco, CA 94117.
Adv Space Res. 1986;6(11):315-28. doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(86)90307-8.
Measurements of the radiation environment aboard U.S. and Soviet manned spacecraft are reviewed and summarized. Data obtained mostly from passive and some active radiation detectors now exist for the case of low Earth-orbit missions. Major uncertainties still exist for space exposure in high altitude, high inclination, geostationary orbits, in connection with solar effects and that of shielding. Data from active detectors flown in Spacelabs 1 and 2 suggest that a variety of phenomena must be understood before the effects of long-term exposure at the space-station type of orbit and shielding can be properly assessed.
对美国和苏联载人航天器上的辐射环境测量进行了回顾和总结。现在已有大部分来自被动辐射探测器以及一些主动辐射探测器的数据，这些数据是关于低地球轨道任务的情况。对于高海拔、高倾角、地球静止轨道上的太空辐射暴露，由于太阳效应和屏蔽效应，仍然存在重大不确定性。在太空实验室1号和2号中飞行的主动探测器的数据表明，在能够正确评估在空间站类型轨道长期暴露和屏蔽的影响之前，必须了解各种现象。
