Peltzer E T, Bada J L, Schlesinger G, Miller S L
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Woods Hole, MA 92543, USA.
Adv Space Res. 1984;4(12):69-74. doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(84)90546-5.
Amino and hydroxy acids have been identified in the Murchison meteorite. Their presence is consistent with a synthetic pathway involving aldehydes, hydrogen cyanide and ammonia in an aqueous environment (Strecker-cyanohydrin synthesis). From the various equilibrium and rate constants involved in this synthesis, four independent estimates of the ammonium ion concentrations on the parent body at the time of compound synthesis are obtained; all values are about 2 x 10(-3) M. Succinic acid and beta-alanine have also been detected in the Murchison meteorite. Their presence is consistent with a synthesis from acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and ammonia. Using the equilibrium and rate constants for this synthetic pathway, and the succinic acid/beta-alanine ratio measured in the Murchison meteorite, an estimate of the hydrogen cyanide concentration of 10(-3) to 10(-2) M is obtained. Since hydrogen cyanide hydrolyzes relatively rapidly in an aqueous environment (t1/2 < 10(4) yrs) this high concentration implies a period of synthesis of organic compounds as short as 10(4) years on the Murchison meteorite parent body.
在默奇森陨石中已鉴定出氨基酸和羟基酸。它们的存在与在水环境中涉及醛、氰化氢和氨的合成途径（斯特雷克氰醇合成）相一致。根据该合成过程中涉及的各种平衡常数和速率常数，得出了化合物合成时母体上铵离子浓度的四个独立估计值；所有值约为2×10⁻³ M。在默奇森陨石中还检测到了琥珀酸和β-丙氨酸。它们的存在与由丙烯腈、氰化氢和氨合成的情况相符。利用该合成途径的平衡常数和速率常数，以及在默奇森陨石中测得的琥珀酸/β-丙氨酸比率，得出氰化氢浓度的估计值为10⁻³至10⁻² M。由于氰化氢在水环境中水解相对较快（半衰期<10⁴年），如此高的浓度意味着在默奇森陨石母体上有机化合物的合成期短至10⁴年。
