Takano Yoshinori, Naraoka Hiroshi, Dworkin Jason P, Koga Toshiki, Sasaki Kazunori, Sato Hajime, Oba Yasuhiro, Ogawa Nanako O, Yoshimura Toshihiro, Hamase Kenji, Ohkouchi Naohiko, Parker Eric T, Aponte José C, Glavin Daniel P, Furukawa Yoshihiro, Aoki Junken, Kano Kuniyuki, Nomura Shin-Ichiro M, Orthous-Daunay Francois-Regis, Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe, Yurimoto Hisayoshi, Nakamura Tomoki, Noguchi Takaaki, Okazaki Ryuji, Yabuta Hikaru, Sakamoto Kanako, Yada Toru, Nishimura Masahiro, Nakato Aiko, Miyazaki Akiko, Yogata Kasumi, Abe Masanao, Okada Tatsuaki, Usui Tomohiro, Yoshikawa Makoto, Saiki Takanao, Tanaka Satoshi, Terui Fuyuto, Nakazawa Satoru, Watanabe Sei-Ichiro, Tsuda Yuichi, Tachibana Shogo
Biogeochemistry Research Center (BGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Natsushima, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan.
Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Keio University, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan.
Nat Commun. 2024 Jul 10;15(1):5708. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-49237-6.
We report primordial aqueous alteration signatures in water-soluble organic molecules from the carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft of JAXA. Newly identified low-molecular-weight hydroxy acids (HO-R-COOH) and dicarboxylic acids (HOOC-R-COOH), such as glycolic acid, lactic acid, glyceric acid, oxalic acid, and succinic acid, are predominant in samples from the two touchdown locations at Ryugu. The quantitative and qualitative profiles for the hydrophilic molecules between the two sampling locations shows similar trends within the order of ppb (parts per billion) to ppm (parts per million). A wide variety of structural isomers, including α- and β-hydroxy acids, are observed among the hydrophilic molecules. We also identify pyruvic acid and dihydroxy and tricarboxylic acids, which are biochemically important intermediates relevant to molecular evolution, such as the primordial TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle. Here, we find evidence that the asteroid Ryugu samples underwent substantial aqueous alteration, as revealed by the presence of malonic acid during keto-enol tautomerism in the dicarboxylic acid profile. The comprehensive data suggest the presence of a series for water-soluble organic molecules in the regolith of Ryugu and evidence of signatures in coevolutionary aqueous alteration between water and organics in this carbonaceous asteroid.
我们报告了日本宇宙航空研究开发机构（JAXA）的隼鸟2号航天器从小行星（162173）龙宫带回的碳质小行星水溶性有机分子中的原始水蚀特征。新发现的低分子量羟基酸（HO-R-COOH）和二元羧酸（HOOC-R-COOH），如乙醇酸、乳酸、甘油酸、草酸和琥珀酸，在龙宫两个着陆点的样本中占主导地位。两个采样点之间亲水分子的定量和定性分布在十亿分之一（ppb）到百万分之一（ppm）的量级内呈现出相似的趋势。在亲水分子中观察到了各种各样的结构异构体，包括α-和β-羟基酸。我们还鉴定出了丙酮酸以及二羟基酸和三羧酸，它们是与分子进化相关的重要生化中间体，比如原始三羧酸（TCA）循环。在这里，我们发现有证据表明龙宫小行星样本经历了显著的水蚀作用，这一点由二元羧酸分布中酮-烯醇互变异构过程中丙二酸的存在所揭示。综合数据表明龙宫小行星风化层中存在一系列水溶性有机分子，并且证明了这颗碳质小行星中水与有机物共同演化的水蚀特征。
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