Bucker H, Facius R, Horneck G, Reitz G, Graul E H, Berger H, Hoffken H, Ruther W, Heinrich W, Beaujean R, Enge W
DFVLR, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Koln, FRG.
Adv Space Res. 1986;6(12):115-24. doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(86)90074-8.
The influence of cosmic radiation and/or microgravity on insect development was studied during the 7 day German Spacelab Mission D1. Eggs of Carausius morosus of five stages differing in sensitivity to radiation and in capacity to regeneration were allowed to continue their development in the BIORACK 22 degrees C incubator, either at microgravity conditions or on the 1 g reference centrifuge. Using the Biostack concept--eggs in monolayers were sandwiched between visual track detectors--and the 1 g reference centrifuge, we were able to separate radiation effects from microgravity effects and also from combined effects of these two factors in space. After retrieval, hatching rates, growth kinetics and anomaly frequencies were determined in the different test samples. The early stages of development turned out to be highly sensitive to single hits of cosmic ray particles as well as to the temporary exposure to microgravity during their development. In some cases, the combined action of radiation and microgravity even amplified the effects exerted by the single parameters of space. Hits by single HZE particles caused early effects, such as body anomalies, as well as late effects, such as retarded growth after hatching. Microgravity exposure lead to a reduced hatching rate. A synergistic action of HZE particle hits and microgravity was established in the unexpectedly high frequency of anomal larvae. However, it cannot be excluded, that cosmic background radiation or low LET HZE particles are also causally involved in damage observed in the microgravity samples.
在为期7天的德国太空实验室任务D1期间，研究了宇宙辐射和/或微重力对昆虫发育的影响。选取了五个对辐射敏感度和再生能力不同阶段的桑氏竹节虫卵，使其在BIORACK 22摄氏度培养箱中，在微重力条件下或在1g参考离心机上继续发育。利用生物堆栈概念（单层卵夹在视觉径迹探测器之间）和1g参考离心机，我们能够将辐射效应与微重力效应以及这两个因素在太空中的综合效应区分开来。回收后，测定不同测试样本的孵化率、生长动力学和异常频率。结果表明，发育早期对宇宙射线粒子的单次撞击以及发育过程中短暂暴露于微重力环境高度敏感。在某些情况下，辐射和微重力的联合作用甚至放大了空间单一参数所产生的效应。单个高电荷重离子（HZE）粒子的撞击会导致早期效应，如身体异常，以及晚期效应，如孵化后生长迟缓。暴露于微重力环境会导致孵化率降低。在异常幼虫出现频率意外高的情况下，证实了HZE粒子撞击和微重力的协同作用。然而，不能排除宇宙背景辐射或低传能线密度的HZE粒子也与微重力样本中观察到的损伤有因果关系。
