Koenig D W, Pierson D L
KRUG Life Sciences, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
Water Sci Technol. 1997;35(11-12):59-64.
The Space Shuttle has a once-through water system that is initially filled on the ground, partially drained before launch and then refilled with fuel-cell generated water on orbit. The microbiological standard for the Space Shuttle potable water system during this study period allowed only 1 microbe of any kind per l00mL and no detectable coliforms. Contamination episodes in more than 15 years of Shuttle operation have been rare; however, for the past 24 missions, bacterial contamination has been detected in 33% of the samples collected 3d before launch. These samples have had on average 55CFU/100mL of bacteria, with the median less than 1CFU/100mL. Burkholderia cepacia has been the primary contaminant of the Shuttle water supply system both before and after flight. Water samples assessed during the STS-70 mission aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery were found to be contaminated (<20CFU/100mL) with B. cepacia and B. pickettii. In 1991, waste and water lines were removed from the Space Shuttle Columbia and the waste lines were found to harbor biofilms containing Bacillus spp. Nevertheless, the water systems of the four Space Shuttle vehicles provide extremely pure water.
航天飞机有一个一次性水系统，该系统在地面上首次注水，发射前部分排水，然后在轨道上用燃料电池产生的水重新注水。在本研究期间，航天飞机饮用水系统的微生物标准是每100毫升仅允许有1种任何类型的微生物，且检测不到大肠菌群。在航天飞机超过15年的运行中，污染事件很少发生；然而，在过去的24次任务中，在发射前3天采集的样本中，33%检测到细菌污染。这些样本中细菌的平均含量为每100毫升55CFU，中位数小于每100毫升1CFU。洋葱伯克霍尔德菌一直是航天飞机供水系统飞行前后的主要污染物。在发现号航天飞机执行STS - 70任务期间评估的水样中，发现被洋葱伯克霍尔德菌和皮氏伯克霍尔德菌污染（<20CFU/100mL）。1991年，从哥伦比亚号航天飞机上拆除了废水和水管，发现废水管中含有含有芽孢杆菌属的生物膜。尽管如此，四架航天飞机的水系统提供的水极其纯净。
