Bijlani Swati, Stephens Elisa, Singh Nitin Kumar, Venkateswaran Kasthuri, Wang Clay C C
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.
iScience. 2021 Apr 3;24(5):102395. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102395. eCollection 2021 May 21.
Microbial research in space is being conducted for almost 50 years now. The closed system of the International Space Station (ISS) has acted as a microbial observatory for the past 10 years, conducting research on adaptation and survivability of microorganisms exposed to space conditions. This adaptation can be either beneficial or detrimental to crew members and spacecraft. Therefore, it becomes crucial to identify the impact of two primary stress conditions, namely, radiation and microgravity, on microbial life aboard the ISS. Elucidating the mechanistic basis of microbial adaptation to space conditions aids in the development of countermeasures against their potentially detrimental effects and allows us to harness their biotechnologically important properties. Several microbial processes have been studied, either in spaceflight or using devices that can simulate space conditions. However, at present, research is limited to only a few microorganisms, and extensive research on biotechnologically important microorganisms is required to make long-term space missions self-sustainable.
太空微生物研究至今已开展了近50年。在过去10年里，国际空间站（ISS）的封闭系统一直充当着微生物观测站，对暴露于太空环境中的微生物的适应性和生存能力进行研究。这种适应性对机组人员和航天器可能有益，也可能有害。因此，确定两种主要应激条件，即辐射和微重力，对国际空间站上微生物生命的影响至关重要。阐明微生物适应太空环境的机制基础有助于制定应对其潜在有害影响的对策，并使我们能够利用其具有重要生物技术特性的性质。已经对一些微生物过程进行了研究，无论是在太空飞行中还是使用能够模拟太空条件的装置。然而，目前的研究仅限于少数几种微生物，需要对具有重要生物技术意义的微生物进行广泛研究，以使长期太空任务能够自我维持。
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