Konstantinova I V, Rykova M, Meshkov D, Peres C, Husson D, Schmitt D A
IBMP, Moscow, Russia.
Acta Astronaut. 1995 Oct-Dec;36(8-12):713-8. doi: 10.1016/0094-5765(95)00161-1.
Reduced in vitro NK cytotoxic activity have routinely been observed after both prolonged and short-term space flights. This study investigated the effects of space flight on NK cell functions, NK cell counts and the production of IL-2 and TNF by lymphocytes of French-Russian crew members. In the French cosmonaut, after 21 days space flight, the cytotoxic activity of NK cells, the capacity the NK cells to bind and lyse the individual target cells and the percentage of NK cells were decreased. In this cosmonaut a twofold reduction TNF production in cultures of lymphocytes stimulated with PMA and with the mixture of PHA and PMA was observed on the first day after landing. However, the activity of the production of TNF in 48-hour PHA-cultures of lymphocytes was unchanged and the biological activity of IL-2 was not reduced. The immunological examination did not detect any substantial deviations from the norm in both russian cosmonauts after 197 days space flight. Various explanations for decreased cytotoxicity in cosmonauts after space flight can be proposed, and these include the defective function of NK cells and reduced numbers of circulating effector cells.
长期和短期太空飞行后，体外自然杀伤细胞（NK）的细胞毒性活性通常都会降低。本研究调查了太空飞行对法俄机组人员淋巴细胞中NK细胞功能、NK细胞数量以及白细胞介素-2（IL-2）和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）产生的影响。对于法国宇航员，在进行21天的太空飞行后，NK细胞的细胞毒性活性、NK细胞结合并裂解单个靶细胞的能力以及NK细胞的百分比均有所下降。在该宇航员着陆后的第一天，观察到用佛波醇酯（PMA）以及PHA和PMA混合物刺激的淋巴细胞培养物中TNF产量降低了两倍。然而，淋巴细胞48小时PHA培养物中TNF的产生活性未发生变化，且IL-2的生物活性也未降低。在197天的太空飞行后，免疫检查未发现两名俄罗斯宇航员的免疫指标有任何明显偏离正常水平的情况。对于太空飞行后宇航员细胞毒性降低的情况，可以提出各种解释，其中包括NK细胞功能缺陷以及循环效应细胞数量减少。
