政策制定者对烟草控制倡导者在法规制定中作用的看法。
Policy makers' perspectives on tobacco control advocates' roles in regulation development.
作者信息
Montini T, Bero L A
机构信息
Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, and Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0936, USA.
出版信息
Tob Control. 2001 Sep;10(3):218-24. doi: 10.1136/tc.10.3.218.
OBJECTIVE
To identify, from policy makers' perspectives, strategies that enhance tobacco control advocates' effectiveness in the regulatory arena.
DESIGN
Key informant interview component of a comparative case study of regulatory agencies in the USA.
SUBJECTS
Policy makers involved in the development of four regulatory tobacco control policies (three state and one federal).
METHODS
Interviews of policy makers, field notes, and deliberation minutes were coded inductively.
RESULTS
Policy makers considered both written commentary and public testimony when developing tobacco control regulations. They triaged written commentary based upon whether the document was from a peer reviewed journal, a summary of research evidence, or from a source considered credible. They coped with in-person testimony by avoiding being diverted from the scientific evidence, and by assessing the presenters' credibility. Policy makers suggested that tobacco control advocates should: present science in a format that is well organised and easily absorbed; engage scientific experts to participate in the regulatory process; and lobby to support the tobacco control efforts of the regulatory agency.
CONCLUSIONS
There is an important role for tobacco control advocates in the policy development process in regulatory agencies.
目的
从政策制定者的角度确定能提高烟草控制倡导者在监管领域有效性的策略。
设计
美国监管机构比较案例研究中的关键信息人访谈部分。
对象
参与制定四项烟草控制监管政策（三项州级政策和一项联邦政策）的政策制定者。
方法
对政策制定者的访谈、实地记录和审议记录进行归纳编码。
结果
政策制定者在制定烟草控制法规时会考虑书面评论和公开证词。他们根据文件是否来自同行评审期刊、研究证据摘要或被认为可信的来源对书面评论进行分类。他们通过避免偏离科学证据以及评估陈述者的可信度来应对现场证词。政策制定者建议烟草控制倡导者应：以组织良好且易于理解的形式呈现科学内容；让科学专家参与监管过程；并进行游说以支持监管机构的烟草控制工作。
结论
烟草控制倡导者在监管机构的政策制定过程中发挥着重要作用。
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