Menssen H D, Brandt N, Leben R, Müller F, Thiel E, Melber K
Dept. III Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine, Benjamin Franklin Hospital, Freien Universität, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
Semin Thromb Hemost. 2001 Aug;27(4):349-56. doi: 10.1055/s-2001-16888.
Hirudin, the anticoagulatory polypeptide of the leech Hirudo medicinalis, strongly inhibits thrombus formation by specifically interacting with thrombin. For diagnostic purposes, hirudin should be superior to other anticlotting compounds because it only minimally alters the mineral, protein, and cellular blood constituents. To test this hypothesis, hirudinized and routinely processed venous blood from 80 healthy volunteers and patients was subjected to a variety of automated blood tests. A strong correlation was found between the results of automated complete blood counts obtained from K(2)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulated and hirudinized blood (1000 antithrombin units [ATU] hirudin/ml). In addition, clinical chemistry and serological infection parameters (asparlat amintransferase [ASAT], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], sodium, and so on, and antibodies against hepatitis B and C and human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]1/2, respectively) correlated well when measured in serum as compared with hirudinized plasma. Contrary to single clotting factors, global coagulation parameters (activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT], prothrombin time [PT]) could not be measured in hirudinized blood. Recombinant hirudin neither interfered with immunophenotyping of mononuclear cells using FACScan analysis, nor did it alter the detection of Wilms' tumor gene expression by RT-PCR technology even at high doses (5000 ATU hirudin). Thus, a hirudin-containing blood sampling tube can be designed as a universal blood sampling tube (UBT) for testing the majority of diagnostic blood parameters.
水蛭素是医用水蛭的抗凝血多肽，它通过与凝血酶特异性相互作用，强烈抑制血栓形成。出于诊断目的，水蛭素应优于其他抗凝血化合物，因为它对血液中的矿物质、蛋白质和细胞成分影响极小。为验证这一假设，对80名健康志愿者和患者的经水蛭素处理及常规处理的静脉血进行了多种自动血液检测。从用K(2)-乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）抗凝的血液和经水蛭素处理的血液（1000抗凝血酶单位[ATU]水蛭素/毫升）中获得的自动全血细胞计数结果之间存在很强的相关性。此外，与经水蛭素处理的血浆相比，血清中临床化学和血清学感染参数（如天冬氨酸转氨酶[ASAT]、乳酸脱氢酶[LDH]、钠等，以及分别针对乙型和丙型肝炎及人类免疫缺陷病毒[HIV]1/2的抗体）的检测结果相关性良好。与单个凝血因子不同，经水蛭素处理的血液中无法检测整体凝血参数（活化部分凝血活酶时间[aPTT]、凝血酶原时间[PT]）。重组水蛭素既不干扰使用流式细胞仪分析对单核细胞进行免疫表型分析，即使在高剂量（5000 ATU水蛭素）下，也不会改变通过逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）技术检测威尔姆斯瘤基因表达。因此，可以设计一种含水蛭素的采血试管作为通用采血试管（UBT），用于检测大多数诊断性血液参数。
