Barcos L O
Rev Sci Tech. 2001 Aug;20(2):640-51. doi: 10.20506/rst.20.2.1294.
The author explores the variations in the domestic livestock populations world-wide between 1961 and 1998, and observes a marked increase in the swine population, as compared to other domestic species. Trends in international trade of live animals over the same period are also analysed; international trade involved 1% of livestock world-wide and the international meat market constituted 10% of total meat production. The various stages of the food chain are analysed, from farm to fork, with emphasis on those elements to which the concept of traceability is applicable; from the composition of bovines, to slaughter, and through the various products and sub-products all the way to the final product consumed. Against this background, the characteristics of identification systems for individual animals and animal products is described, as well as applications to traceback and trace forward. To conclude, the author details the factors which influence the various processes of identification and traceability, and thus must be considered when choosing a system. The wide variability amongst systems world-wide is noted and attributed to the differences in sanitary and economic or socio-cultural criteria. The author therefore recommends that work should begin on international harmonisation of such systems.
作者探究了1961年至1998年间全球家畜数量的变化情况，并观察到与其他家畜种类相比，猪的数量显著增加。同时分析了同一时期活畜国际贸易的趋势；国际贸易涉及全球1%的家畜，国际肉类市场占肉类总产量的10%。对食物链从农场到餐桌的各个阶段进行了分析，重点关注可应用可追溯性概念的那些环节；从牛的组成到屠宰，再经过各种产品和副产品直至最终消费产品。在此背景下，描述了个体动物和动物产品识别系统的特点，以及在追溯和追踪方面的应用。最后，作者详细阐述了影响识别和可追溯性各个过程的因素，因此在选择系统时必须予以考虑。注意到全球范围内各系统存在很大差异，并将其归因于卫生、经济或社会文化标准的不同。因此，作者建议应着手开展此类系统的国际协调工作。
