Guadagnuolo R, Bianchi D S, Felber F
Laboratoire de Botanique Evolutive, Institut de Botanique, Université de Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
Genome. 2001 Aug;44(4):610-21.
Three types of markers-isozymes, RAPDs (random amplified polymorphic DNAs), and wheat microsatellites- were tested on wheat, spelt, and four wild wheat relatives (Aegilops cylindrica, Elymus caninus, Hordeum marinum, and Agropyron junceum). The aim was to evaluate their capability to provide specific markers for differentiation of the cultivated and wild species. The markers were set up for subsequent detection of hybrids and introgression of wheat DNA into wild relatives. All markers allowed differentiation of the cultivated from the wild species. Wheat microsatellites were not amplified in all the wild relatives, whereas RAPDs and isozymes exhibited polymorphism for all species. The dendrograms obtained with RAPD and isozyme data separated Swiss wheat cultivars from those collected in Austria and England, while no difference was found between Swiss spelt and wheat. RAPD data provided a weak discrimination between English and Austrian E. caninus. The microsatellite-based dendrogram discriminated populations of Ae. cylindrica, but no clear separation of H. marinum from E. caninus was revealed. The similarity matrices based on the three different sets of data were strongly correlated. The highest value was recorded between the matrices based on RAPDs and isozymes (Mantel's test, r = 0.93). Correlations between the similarity matrix based on microsatellites and matrices based on RAPDs and isozymes were lower: 0.74 and 0.68, respectively. While microsatellites are very useful for comparisons of closely related accessions, they are less suitable for studies involving less-related taxa. Isozymes provide interesting markers for species differentiation, but their use seems less appropriate for studies of within-species genetic variation. RAPDs can produce a large set of markers, which can be used for the evaluation of both between- and within-species genetic variation, more rapidly and easily than isozymes and microsatellites.
对小麦、斯佩尔特小麦以及四种野生小麦近缘种（圆柱山羊草、犬麦、海大麦和灯心草偃麦草）进行了三种标记——同工酶、随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）和小麦微卫星标记的测试。目的是评估它们为区分栽培种和野生种提供特异性标记的能力。设置这些标记是为了后续检测杂种以及小麦DNA向野生近缘种的渐渗。所有标记都能区分栽培种和野生种。并非所有野生近缘种都能扩增出小麦微卫星标记，而RAPD和同工酶在所有物种中均表现出多态性。根据RAPD和同工酶数据得到的聚类图将瑞士小麦品种与在奥地利和英国收集的品种区分开来，而瑞士斯佩尔特小麦和小麦之间未发现差异。RAPD数据对英国和奥地利的犬麦区分能力较弱。基于微卫星标记的聚类图能区分圆柱山羊草的种群，但未显示出海大麦和犬麦的明显分离。基于三组不同数据的相似性矩阵高度相关。基于RAPD和同工酶的矩阵之间相关性最高（Mantel检验，r = 0.93）。基于微卫星标记的相似性矩阵与基于RAPD和同工酶的矩阵之间的相关性较低，分别为0.74和0.68。虽然微卫星标记对于亲缘关系较近的材料比较非常有用，但它们不太适合用于涉及亲缘关系较远分类群的研究。同工酶为物种区分提供了有趣的标记，但它们在研究种内遗传变异方面似乎不太适用。RAPD可以产生大量标记，可用于评估种间和种内遗传变异，比同工酶和微卫星标记更快速、更容易。
