Handrigan M T, Thompson I, Foster M
San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium Residency in Emergency Medicine, Texas, USA.
Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2001 Aug;19(3):745-61. doi: 10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70213-3.
In making clinical decisions concerning the urogenital system, the emergency department physician has many different diagnostic tools at his or her disposal. Choosing the appropriate diagnostic study can often be difficult. For well over a thousand years, the initial step in assessing almost any urologic condition has been to examine the urine. Thankfully, this has progressed from a gustatory approach to the modern urinalysis. There is certainly a great deal of information that may be gleaned from the urinalysis, but the physician must also be mindful of its limitations. Overuse of the urinalysis can result in unwanted and unhelpful information. Although IVP is still the study of choice in assessing the functional status of the kidney, the introduction of CT and ultrasound technology to clinical medicine has revolutionized the emergency department assessment of the urogenital tract. CT and ultrasound can help differentiate between the urologic emergencies and the various surgical conditions that can mimic them.
在做出有关泌尿生殖系统的临床决策时，急诊科医生有许多不同的诊断工具可供使用。选择合适的诊断检查往往很困难。一千多年来，评估几乎任何泌尿系统疾病的第一步都是检查尿液。幸运的是，这已从尝味法发展到现代尿液分析。从尿液分析中肯定可以收集到大量信息，但医生也必须注意其局限性。过度使用尿液分析可能会产生不必要且无用的信息。尽管静脉肾盂造影（IVP）仍然是评估肾脏功能状态的首选检查，但CT和超声技术引入临床医学已经彻底改变了急诊科对泌尿生殖道的评估。CT和超声有助于区分泌尿系统急症和各种可能与之相似的外科疾病。
