Chang E C, Sanna L J
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
Psychol Aging. 2001 Sep;16(3):524-31. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.16.3.524.
This study attempted to address limitations in the understanding of optimism and pessimism among middle-aged adults. Specifically, a model of affectivity as a mediator of the link between outcome expectancies and psychological adjustment (life satisfaction and depressive symptoms) was presented and examined in a sample of 237 middle-aged adults. Consistent with a mediation model, results of path analyses indicated that optimism and pessimism (particularly the former) had significant direct and indirect links (by means of positive and negative affectivity) with depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. These results add to the small but growing literature identifying optimism and pessimism as important concomitants of psychological adjustment in more mature adults.
本研究试图解决中年成年人在乐观主义和悲观主义理解方面的局限性。具体而言，提出了一种情感模型，作为结果预期与心理调适（生活满意度和抑郁症状）之间联系的中介，并在237名中年成年人的样本中进行了检验。与中介模型一致，路径分析结果表明，乐观主义和悲观主义（尤其是前者）与抑郁症状和生活满意度存在显著的直接和间接联系（通过积极和消极情感）。这些结果为将乐观主义和悲观主义视为更成熟成年人心理调适重要伴随因素的少量但不断增长的文献增添了内容。
