Hommel B, Pratt J, Colzato L, Godijn R
Section of Experimental and Theoretical Psychology, University of Leiden, The Netherlands.
Psychol Sci. 2001 Sep;12(5):360-5. doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00367.
The present study reports four pairs of experiments that examined the role of nonpredictive (i.e., task-irrelevant) symbolic stimuli on attentional orienting. The experiments involved a simple detection task, an inhibition of return (IOR) task, and choice decision tasks both with and without attentional bias. Each pair of experiments included one experiment in which nonpredictive arrows were presented at the central fixation location and another experiment in which nonpredictive direction words (e.g., "up," "down," "left," "right") were presented. The nonpredictive symbolic stimuli affected responses in all experiments, with the words producing greater effects in the detection task and the arrows producing greater effects in the IOR and choice decision tasks. Overall, the present findings indicate that there is a strong connection between the overlearned representations of the meaning of communicative symbols and the reflexive orienting of visual attention.
本研究报告了四组实验，这些实验考察了非预测性（即与任务无关的）符号刺激在注意定向中的作用。实验涉及一个简单的检测任务、一个返回抑制（IOR）任务以及有和没有注意偏向的选择决策任务。每组实验包括一个在中央注视位置呈现非预测性箭头的实验和另一个呈现非预测性方向词（如“上”“下”“左”“右”）的实验。非预测性符号刺激在所有实验中都影响反应，其中词语在检测任务中产生更大影响，而箭头在IOR和选择决策任务中产生更大影响。总体而言，目前的研究结果表明，交际符号意义的过度学习表征与视觉注意的反射性定向之间存在紧密联系。
