Williamson A, Feyer A M, Stout N, Driscoll T, Usher H
NSW Injury Risk Management Research Centre and School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Inj Prev. 2001 Sep;7 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):i15-20. doi: 10.1136/ip.7.suppl_1.i15.
To investigate the utility of narrative analysis of text information for describing the mechanism of injury and to compare the patterns of the mechanism of injury for work related fatalities in three countries.
Three national collections of data on work related fatalities were used in this study including those for New Zealand, 1985-94 (n=723), for Australia, 1989-92 (n=1,220), and for the United States, 1989-92 (16,383). The New Zealand and Australian collections used the type of occurrence standard code for the mechanism of injury, however the United States collection did not. All three databases included a text description of the circumstances of the fatality so a text based analysis was developed to enable a comparison of the mechanisms of injury in each of the three countries. A test set of 200 cases from each country dataset was used to develop the narrative analysis and to allow comparison of the narrative and standard approaches to mechanism coding.
The narrative coding was more useful for some types of injury than others. Differences in coding the narrative codes compared with the standard code were mainly due to lack of sensitivity in detecting cases for all three datasets, although specificity was always high. The pattern of causes was very similar between the two coding methods and between the countries. Hit by moving objects, falls, and rollovers were among the five most common mechanisms of workplace fatalities for all countries. More common mechanisms that distinguished the three countries were electrocutions for Australia, drowning for New Zealand, and gunshot for the United States.
Narrative analysis shows some promise as an alternative approach for investigating the causes of fatalities.
探讨文本信息的叙事分析在描述损伤机制方面的效用，并比较三个国家与工作相关的死亡案例的损伤机制模式。
本研究使用了三个国家与工作相关的死亡数据集合，包括新西兰1985 - 1994年的数据（n = 723）、澳大利亚1989 - 1992年的数据（n = 1220）以及美国1989 - 1992年的数据（16383）。新西兰和澳大利亚的数据集合使用了损伤机制的事件类型标准编码，然而美国的数据集合未使用。所有三个数据库都包含了死亡情况的文本描述，因此开发了基于文本的分析方法，以便能够比较三个国家各自的损伤机制。从每个国家的数据集中抽取200个案例组成测试集，用于开发叙事分析，并比较叙事和标准方法在机制编码方面的差异。
叙事编码对某些类型的损伤比其他类型更有用。与标准编码相比，叙事编码的差异主要是由于在检测所有三个数据集中的案例时缺乏敏感性，尽管特异性一直很高。两种编码方法之间以及不同国家之间的病因模式非常相似。被移动物体撞击、跌倒和翻车是所有国家工作场所死亡的五种最常见机制。区分这三个国家的更常见机制分别是澳大利亚的触电、新西兰的溺水和美国的枪击。
叙事分析显示出作为调查死亡原因的替代方法的一些前景。
