Simon E, Matee M
Int Dent J. 2001 Aug;51(4):273-6. doi: 10.1002/j.1875-595x.2001.tb00837.x.
To investigate the types and magnitude of post extraction complications.
A referral hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
All dental patients who had their teeth extracted at the Muhimbili Medical Centre dental outpatient clinic during the study period (May September 1999). A total of 3,818 extractions were performed under local anaesthetic in 3,732 patients.
Oral examination of all patients who reported back with post-extraction problems.
The frequency of post extraction complications was low (1.1 per cent), and was mainly due to; infected sockets (48.7 per cent), followed by bleeding sockets (41.0 per cent) and retained roots (10.3 per cent). There were eight 'other' complications suffered by 11 patients: necrotising fasciitis (n=l), herpes zoster (n=l), Ludwig's angina (n=l), infections of the submandibular (n=l), parapharyngeal (n=2), masticator (n=2) and submasseteric spaces (n =2), and reaction to local anaesthesia (2ml of 2 per cent lignocaine hydrochloride) (n=1).
The results of this study indicate that post-extraction complications are few, mostly minor, self-limiting and easily treatable. The study does not support routine antibiotic prophylaxis or special pre-extraction procedures, even in this patient population with poor oral hygiene and high HIV seroprevalence.
调查拔牙后并发症的类型及严重程度。
坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆的一家转诊医院。
在研究期间（1999年5月至9月）于穆希姆比利医疗中心牙科门诊接受拔牙的所有牙科患者。3732例患者共进行了3818次局部麻醉下的拔牙手术。
对所有因拔牙后出现问题前来复诊的患者进行口腔检查。
拔牙后并发症的发生率较低（1.1%），主要原因是：牙槽窝感染（48.7%），其次是牙槽窝出血（41.0%）和牙根残留（10.3%）。11例患者出现了8种“其他”并发症：坏死性筋膜炎（1例）、带状疱疹（1例）、路德维希咽峡炎（1例）、下颌下间隙感染（1例）、咽旁间隙感染（2例）、咀嚼肌间隙感染（2例）和咬肌下间隙感染（2例），以及对局部麻醉（2毫升2%盐酸利多卡因）的反应（1例）。
本研究结果表明，拔牙后并发症较少，大多为轻度、自限性且易于治疗。即使在这个口腔卫生差且艾滋病毒血清阳性率高的患者群体中，该研究也不支持常规使用抗生素预防或特殊的拔牙前程序。
