Mason B J
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami/JMH Medical Center, Fla 33136, USA.
J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;62 Suppl 20:42-8.
Acamprosate (calcium acetyl-homotaurine) is a synthetic compound whose chemical structure resembles that of homotaurine, a naturally occurring amino acid. Acamprosate acts centrally and appears to restore the normal activity of glutaminergic neurons, which become hyperexcited as a result of chronic alcohol exposure. Although not yet approved for use in the United States, acamprosate has been available by prescription in France since 1989 and is now available in many other countries throughout the world. This article reviews data from all published double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials of acamprosate among alcohol-dependent outpatients. Overall, patients treated with acamprosate exhibited a significantly greater rate of treatment completion, time to first drink, abstinence rate, and/or cumulative abstinence duration than patients treated with placebo. The drug's reliable effect on prolonging abstinence, in conjunction with an excellent safety profile, suggests that acamprosate may be useful for a broad range of patients with alcohol dependence.
阿坎酸（钙乙酰高牛磺酸）是一种合成化合物，其化学结构类似于天然存在的氨基酸高牛磺酸。阿坎酸作用于中枢，似乎能恢复因长期接触酒精而变得过度兴奋的谷氨酰胺能神经元的正常活性。尽管阿坎酸尚未在美国获批使用，但自1989年起在法国可凭处方获得，现在在世界上许多其他国家也可获得。本文回顾了所有已发表的、针对酒精依赖门诊患者的阿坎酸双盲、安慰剂对照临床试验数据。总体而言，与接受安慰剂治疗的患者相比，接受阿坎酸治疗的患者在治疗完成率、首次饮酒时间、戒酒率和/或累积戒酒持续时间方面均显著更高。该药物在延长戒酒方面的可靠效果，再加上出色的安全性，表明阿坎酸可能对广泛的酒精依赖患者有用。
