Hickey W F
Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA.
Glia. 2001 Nov;36(2):118-24. doi: 10.1002/glia.1101.
Unlike most bodily organs, the central nervous system (CNS) exists behind a blood-tissue barrier designed to minimize the passage of cells and macromolecules into the neural parenchyma. Yet, the CNS is routinely and effectively surveyed by the immune system. This review examines the mechanisms and participants in this immunological surveillance mechanism. The nature of the healthy blood-brain barrier, factors modifying it, and its central position in determining the number and nature of leukocytes permitted to enter, are considered. In addition the role in surveillance played by lymphatic drainage, migrating T and B lymphocytes, and elements of the monocyte/macrophage/microglia family are considered. While all these participants are known to be important in responding to a CNS antigen and/or establishing a site of inflammation in the nervous system, they also are major elements in maintaining the homeostasis of the CNS and permitting the necessary immunological surveillance of that organ.
与大多数身体器官不同，中枢神经系统（CNS）存在于一种血组织屏障之后，该屏障旨在尽量减少细胞和大分子进入神经实质。然而，免疫系统会定期且有效地对中枢神经系统进行监测。本综述探讨了这种免疫监测机制的机制和参与成分。我们考虑了健康血脑屏障的性质、改变它的因素，以及它在决定允许进入的白细胞数量和性质方面的核心地位。此外，还考虑了淋巴引流、迁移的T和B淋巴细胞以及单核细胞/巨噬细胞/小胶质细胞家族成员在监测中的作用。虽然已知所有这些参与成分在对中枢神经系统抗原作出反应和/或在神经系统中建立炎症部位方面都很重要，但它们也是维持中枢神经系统稳态以及对该器官进行必要免疫监测的主要因素。
