Olczak P V, Goldman J A
J Psychol. 1975 Mar;89(2d Half):195-202. doi: 10.1080/00223980.1975.9915752.
It was hypothesized that self-actualization (SA) assessed by scores on the Personal Orientation Inventory should affect the salience of interpersonal stimuli and moderate the attitude similarity/dissimilarity relationship. Fifty-six American college students (28 males and 28 females), aged 18-21, were used as subjects. In Experiment I SA and proportion of attitude similarity were varied by use of Byrne's attraction paradigm in a between-Ss design. The personality variable failed to affect attraction. In Experiment II SA and proportion of attitude similarity were manipulated in a within-Ss design. SA Ss rated the stranger significantly higher in attraction at high levels of similarity and significantly lower in attraction at low levels of similarity when compared to non-SA individual (p smaller than .05). The results were discussed in terms of design differences in personality research and the potential mechanism (self-esteem) by which SA affects attraction.
研究假设，通过个人取向量表得分评估的自我实现（SA）会影响人际刺激的显著性，并调节态度相似性/不相似性的关系。56名年龄在18至21岁之间的美国大学生（28名男性和28名女性）作为研究对象。在实验I中，采用伯恩的吸引范式，在组间设计中改变自我实现和态度相似性的比例。人格变量未能影响吸引力。在实验II中，采用组内设计操纵自我实现和态度相似性的比例。与非自我实现个体相比，自我实现个体在高相似性水平下对陌生人的吸引力评分显著更高，在低相似性水平下对陌生人的吸引力评分显著更低（p小于0.05）。研究结果从人格研究中的设计差异以及自我实现影响吸引力的潜在机制（自尊）方面进行了讨论。
