Burnham M R, Peebles E D, Gardner C W, Brake J, Bruzual J J, Gerard P D
Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State 39762, USA.
Poult Sci. 2001 Oct;80(10):1444-50. doi: 10.1093/ps/80.10.1444.
The effects of broiler breeder age (26, 28, and 30 wk) and incubator relative humidity (43, 53, and 63% RH) on yolk sac weight and composition in broiler hatching eggs between 16 and 19 d of incubation were evaluated. Percentage yolk sac weight was reduced in eggs from the youngest (26 wk) breeder hens and in eggs incubated at 53% RH. Percentage yolk moisture, in eggs from the youngest hens, was lowest at 16 d and was highest at 19 d, and percentage yolk lipid was highest at 16 and 17 d of incubation in eggs from 30-wk-old hens. Percentage yolk lipid content was higher at 63% RH compared with 53% RH in eggs from 26-wk-old breeders but was lower in eggs incubated at a 43% RH compared with 53 and 63% RH from 30-wk-old breeders. Yolk stearic and arachidonic acid concentrations were higher and myristic acid concentration was lower in eggs from the 26-wk-old hens. Conversely, the highest yolk concentrations of linolenic and palmitoleic acids occurred in eggs from 30- and 28-wk-old breeders, respectively. At 16, 17, 18, and 19 d of incubation, yolk oleic acid concentrations were significantly, but variably, affected by breeder age, whereas linoleic acid concentration was highest in 26-wk-old breeders only at 19 d. Palmitic acid concentration at 17 d was lower in eggs incubated at 53% RH compared with 43 and 63% RH. Rate of yolk uptake from the yolk sac by embryos may be increased by incubating eggs at 53% RH, and the effects of changes in RH between 43 and 63% on yolk lipid content are influenced by breeder age.
评估了肉种鸡年龄（26、28和30周龄）和孵化器相对湿度（43%、53%和63%相对湿度）对孵化16至19天的肉种鸡种蛋卵黄囊重量和组成的影响。来自最年轻（26周龄）种母鸡的种蛋以及在53%相对湿度下孵化的种蛋，其卵黄囊重量百分比降低。来自最年轻母鸡的种蛋，其卵黄水分百分比在16天时最低，在19天时最高；30周龄母鸡的种蛋在孵化16和17天时，卵黄脂质百分比最高。26周龄种鸡的种蛋在63%相对湿度下的卵黄脂质含量百分比高于53%相对湿度时，但30周龄种鸡的种蛋在43%相对湿度下孵化时的卵黄脂质含量百分比低于53%和63%相对湿度时。26周龄母鸡的种蛋中，卵黄硬脂酸和花生四烯酸浓度较高，肉豆蔻酸浓度较低。相反，亚麻酸和棕榈油酸的最高卵黄浓度分别出现在30周龄和28周龄种鸡的种蛋中。在孵化16、17、18和19天时，卵黄油酸浓度受种鸡年龄的影响显著但变化不定，而亚油酸浓度仅在19天时在26周龄种鸡中最高。在17天时，53%相对湿度下孵化的种蛋中棕榈酸浓度低于43%和63%相对湿度时。将种蛋在53%相对湿度下孵化可能会提高胚胎从卵黄囊中摄取卵黄的速率，43%至63%相对湿度变化对卵黄脂质含量的影响受种鸡年龄的影响。
