Latour M A, Peebles E D, Boyle C R, Doyle S M, Pansky T, Brake J D
Poultry Science Department, Mississippi State University 39762, USA.
Poult Sci. 1996 Jun;75(6):695-701. doi: 10.3382/ps.0750695.
In two experiments, the effects of dietary fat and breeder hen age on relative yolk sac weight (RYSW) and total serum cholesterol (CHOL), high (HDLC) and low (LDLC) density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides (TRI), and glucose (GLU) were monitored in broiler embryos and chicks. In Experiment 1, embryos at 18 d of incubation and chicks at hatch were sampled from eggs laid by breeder hens at 26 (young), 36, and 48 wk of age. No dietary effects were noted in either experiment; however, chicks from young hens exhibited elevated serum CHOL, HDLC, LDLC, and lower GLU when compared with chicks from hens at either 36 or 48 wk of age. Additionally, embryos from young breeders displayed a lower RYSW at 18 d of incubation. Conversely, by hatch there was no difference in RYSW among offspring from different aged hens. In Experiment 2, newly hatched chicks were sampled from breeder hens at 36, 51, and 64 wk of age. Dietary effects were also not evident in this experiment; however, chicks from 51-wk-old breeders displayed the highest and lowest serum HDLC and TRI, respectively, compared to the other two age groups, whereas chicks from either 51- or 64-wk-old breeders exhibited higher levels of CHOL than those at 36 wk. Chicks from 64-wk-old breeders displayed an increase in LDLC when compared with the other two ages. These data suggest that serum concentrations of lipids and GLU, and RYSW in 18 d embryos and newly hatched chicks are influenced by hen age and not by added dietary fat.
在两项实验中，监测了日粮脂肪和种母鸡年龄对肉仔鸡胚胎和雏鸡相对卵黄囊重量（RYSW）、总血清胆固醇（CHOL）、高密度（HDLC）和低密度（LDLC）脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯（TRI）以及葡萄糖（GLU）的影响。在实验1中，从26周龄（年轻）、36周龄和48周龄的种母鸡所产鸡蛋中采集孵化18天的胚胎和刚出壳的雏鸡样本。两项实验均未观察到日粮的影响；然而，与36周龄或48周龄母鸡所产雏鸡相比，年轻母鸡所产雏鸡的血清CHOL、HDLC、LDLC水平升高，GLU水平降低。此外，年轻种母鸡所产胚胎在孵化18天时的RYSW较低。相反，到出壳时，不同年龄母鸡所产后代的RYSW没有差异。在实验2中，从36周龄、51周龄和64周龄的种母鸡所产新出壳雏鸡中采集样本。该实验中也未明显观察到日粮的影响；然而，与其他两个年龄组相比，51周龄种母鸡所产雏鸡的血清HDLC最高，TRI最低，而51周龄或64周龄种母鸡所产雏鸡的CHOL水平高于36周龄种母鸡所产雏鸡。与其他两个年龄组相比，64周龄种母鸡所产雏鸡的LDLC有所增加。这些数据表明，18天胚胎和新出壳雏鸡的血清脂质和GLU浓度以及RYSW受母鸡年龄影响，而非日粮脂肪添加量的影响。
