Grimsley D L, Windholz G
Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, USA.
J Hist Neurosci. 2000 Aug;9(2):152-63. doi: 10.1076/0964-704x(200008)9:2;1-y;ft152.
Whereas Ivan P. Pavlov (1849-1936) is well-known for his work on classical conditioning, his contribution to neuroscience, particularly his interest in the function of neural centers in the central nervous system, is not as widely known. During the last three decades of his life, Pavlov explored cortical processes by salivary reflex conditioning, a method he used to develop his theory of higher nervous activity. This theory outlined the function of the brain in higher organisms in their interaction with the changing environmental contingencies. As early as 1908, Pavlov outlined a neurophysiological theory as the physiological basis of his theory of higher nervous activity. He maintained that the neural processes of excitation and inhibition irradiate and concentrate among the cortical neural centers. Most of all, he emphasized the plasticity of the cortex in higher organisms' in the Darwinian struggle for existence.
伊万·P·巴甫洛夫（1849 - 1936）因其在经典条件反射方面的工作而闻名，但他对神经科学的贡献，尤其是他对中枢神经系统中神经中枢功能的兴趣，却并不广为人知。在他生命的最后三十年里，巴甫洛夫通过唾液反射条件作用来探索皮层过程，这是一种他用来发展其高级神经活动理论的方法。该理论概述了高等生物大脑在与不断变化的环境偶然因素相互作用中的功能。早在1908年，巴甫洛夫就勾勒出一种神经生理学理论，作为他高级神经活动理论的生理学基础。他坚持认为，兴奋和抑制的神经过程在皮层神经中枢之间扩散和集中。最重要的是，他强调了在达尔文式生存斗争中高等生物皮层的可塑性。
