Kim O J
Program in Philosophy and History of Science Graduate School, Seoul National University.
Uisahak. 1992;1(1):19-30.
This paper deals with the theory of Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849-1936), a Russian physiologist who presented for the first time the systematic theory of the function of the brain that controls the whole behavior of animals, i.e. higher nervous activity through experimental studies. This paper, principally based on Lectures on Conditioned Reflexes (1928), investigates the development of conditioned reflex theory from its beginning by dividing it into three periods. First, during the period from 1898 to 1906, the fundamental concept of conditioned reflex was established and the study of conditioned reflex became an independent discipline. From 1907 to 1916, the second period, Pavlov theorized on higher nervous activity on the basis of extensive data from his laboratory experiments of conditioned reflex. And Pavlov complemented conditioned reflex theory, during the third period from 1916 to 1928, and extended the boundaries of it through applications of conditioned reflex theory to psychopathology and typology. The study contributes to the understanding that conditioned reflex theory was historically developed, and not presented as a complete form from the beginning, and that Pavlov intended to study the higher nervous activity through the method of neurophysiology.
本文论述的是俄国生理学家伊万·彼得罗维奇·巴甫洛夫（1849 - 1936）的理论。他通过实验研究首次提出了控制动物整体行为的大脑功能系统理论，即高级神经活动。本文主要基于《条件反射讲义》（1928年），通过将条件反射理论的发展分为三个阶段来探究其从起源开始的发展历程。首先，在1898年至1906年期间，条件反射的基本概念得以确立，对条件反射的研究成为一门独立学科。在1907年至1916年的第二个阶段，巴甫洛夫基于其条件反射实验室实验的大量数据，对高级神经活动进行了理论阐述。在1916年至1928年的第三个阶段，巴甫洛夫完善了条件反射理论，并通过将条件反射理论应用于精神病理学和类型学，扩展了该理论的边界。这项研究有助于理解条件反射理论是在历史进程中发展起来的，并非从一开始就以完整形式呈现，并且巴甫洛夫旨在通过神经生理学方法研究高级神经活动。
