Halberstadt-Freud H C
Psychohist Rev. 1995 Winter;23(2):143-66.
This study was undertaken to demonstrate how psychoanalysis can shed new light on a much studied life history. Clara's emotional life knew a sequence of losses and "prohibited" intimate relationships that created grave loyalty, identity, and identificatory conflicts for her. Since her early childhood, when her father forced her to give up her mother, she had been forced into a choice between the love objects most dear to her and the one on whom she depended for her emotional survival. This resulted in her later repetition compulsion to maneuver herself into the same conflict of loyalty and in her hesitation to decide when choosing one object meant losing the other. Clara had never known a normal separation, only loss and abandonment. She strove to combine the incompatible and succeeded in remaining loyal not only to her mother and father, but also to Robert Schumann, and eventually to Johannes Brahms. Clara Schumann's ideals were conflicted not only because she was educated by two men who were fighting each other, but also because her father, as well as Robert, had internally inconsistent and ambiguous ideas about women. Clara not only had to be obedient and creative, but self-sufficient at the same time. She was partially able to satisfy her own and her partner's needs and solve her deficiencies by projective identification, choosing taciturn men, more maternal than she.
本研究旨在展示精神分析如何能为一段被广泛研究的人生经历带来新的启示。克拉拉的情感生活经历了一系列的丧失以及“被禁止”的亲密关系，这些给她造成了严重的忠诚、身份认同和认同冲突。从她幼年起，父亲迫使她离开母亲，此后她便被迫在最亲爱的两个情感对象之间做出选择，而她的情感生存又依赖于其中一方。这导致她后来出现重复强迫行为，使自己陷入同样的忠诚冲突之中，并且在选择一个对象意味着失去另一个时犹豫不决。克拉拉从未经历过正常的分离，只有丧失和被抛弃。她努力调和那些不相容的事物，不仅成功地对母亲、父亲保持忠诚，还对罗伯特·舒曼，最终对约翰内斯·勃拉姆斯保持忠诚。克拉拉·舒曼的理想充满冲突，这不仅是因为她受教于两个相互争斗的男人，还因为她的父亲以及罗伯特对女性有着内在不一致且模糊的观念。克拉拉不仅要顺从且有创造力，同时还要自给自足。她部分地通过投射性认同来满足自己和伴侣的需求，并解决自身的不足，她选择沉默寡言、比她更具母性的男人。
