Williamson L
Oxford Brookes University.
Int Hist Nurs J. 1996 Winter;2(2):33-47.
This paper uses the archives of the St John's training institution for nurses and the Raynard Mission to determine the extent to which cultural images and specialised space defined and drove the nursing profession in nineteenth and early twentieth century London. Emphasis is placed upon image and rhetoric, both sacred and secular, and the way the two combined to define the 'ideal' Victorian woman and nursing in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and the understanding and treatment of illness. Research to date suggests that through a process of rationalisation of biblical and socio-cultural rhetoric, a specialisation of space, symbolic and literal, abstract and real was created; this enabled women to work in a gendered enclave, the organisational structure and rhetoric of which paralleled that of nunneries or convents. And even as the 'secular' became dominant in medical attitudes and treatment, the 'sacred'aspect of nursing and the emphasis placed upon it as being a vocation remained strong.
本文利用圣约翰护士培训机构和雷纳德传教团的档案，来确定文化意象和特定空间在多大程度上界定并推动了19世纪和20世纪初伦敦的护理职业。重点在于神圣与世俗的意象及言辞，以及二者如何结合起来界定19世纪和20世纪初的“理想”维多利亚女性与护理，还有对疾病的理解与治疗。迄今为止的研究表明，通过对圣经及社会文化言辞的合理化过程，创造出了一种空间的专业化，包括象征与实际、抽象与真实；这使得女性能够在一个性别化的飞地中工作，其组织结构和言辞与女修道院或隐修院相似。即便“世俗”在医学态度和治疗中占据主导地位，护理的“神圣”层面及其作为一种天职的强调依然强劲。
