Sweet Helen
Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine, Oxford, UK.
Nurs Inq. 2004 Sep;11(3):176-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1800.2004.00228.x.
This paper is based on research in progress focusing on the histories of mission hospitals in the rural communities of KwaZulu Natal, while also building on earlier research into the pluralism of medical systems within the South African Cape. Sources have been drawn from a range of historical documents, including medical and nursing journals, the archives of a number of medical missionary societies and of the Overseas Nursing Association, but the research has also been informed by oral histories of a broad cross-section of health professionals who practised in South Africa. A large literature search included a number of biographies and institutional histories. The paper will be divided into three parts--the first provides a brief background to colonialism and the early nursing history of South Africa; the second looks in more detail at the role played by missionary nurses in establishing nursing as a profession and providing training opportunities for African nurses. The final part contrasts missionary nursing with the supply of, and work done by nurses from the Overseas Nursing Association operating within their quite specific, colonial remit. This will show how the two contrasting professional spheres--one reflecting a fairly short-term commitment, the other, a much broader, 'vocational' involvement--may be seen to represent quite different colonial attitudes, and ultimately quite diverse outcomes.
本文基于一项正在进行的研究，该研究聚焦于夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省农村社区教会医院的历史，同时也建立在早期对南非开普地区医疗系统多元化的研究基础之上。资料来源广泛，包括医学和护理期刊、一些医疗传教士协会及海外护理协会的档案，但该研究还参考了在南非执业的众多卫生专业人员的口述历史。大量的文献检索涵盖了一些传记和机构史。本文将分为三个部分——第一部分简要介绍殖民主义背景和南非早期护理史；第二部分更详细地探讨传教士护士在将护理确立为一门职业以及为非洲护士提供培训机会方面所发挥的作用。最后一部分将传教士护理与在其特定殖民职责范围内运作的海外护理协会护士的供应及工作进行对比。这将展示这两个截然不同的专业领域——一个反映了相当短期的承诺，另一个则是更广泛的“职业”参与——如何被视为代表了截然不同的殖民态度，以及最终截然不同的结果。
