Koehler P J
Department of Neurology, Ziekenhuis De Wever & Gregorius, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
J Hist Neurosci. 1996 Apr;5(1):26-33. doi: 10.1080/09647049609525648.
Brown-Séquard's concept of localization was built on the phenomena of inhibition and dynamogenesis, constituting a dynamic system in which reflex mechanisms, that played a part not only in the spinal cord but in the brain as well, were considered of particular importance. The use of this concept is considered in Brown-Séquard's discussion of the subject of cerebral localization, and especially of aphasia. The origin and development of Brown-Séquard's ideas on aphasia from 1861 onwards are discussed, as is the part he possibly played in the transfer of knowledge from Paris to London (Broca and Jackson). In the 1870's Brown-Séquard debated on cerebral localization with Charcot before the Société de Biologie. Opposing the cluster theory of localization, Brown-Séquard developed the theory of "réseau de cellules anastomosées", a kind of network theory in which scattered cells subserving the same function are connected by nerve fibers. This was to him a plausible theory, with which he was able to explain the fact that damage in several locations may produce the same effect, and, to account for observations that some functions remain unimpaired despite extensive brain-injury. Although Brown-Séquard's arguments were not always valid, because they were based on imprecise observations, his dynamic model, nowadays, seems valuable. He influenced "anti-localizers" such as Goltz, but also Jackson and probably Von Monakow and Sherrington.
布朗 - 塞卡尔的定位概念建立在抑制和动力发生现象之上，构成了一个动态系统，其中反射机制不仅在脊髓中起作用，在大脑中也起作用，被认为具有特别重要的意义。布朗 - 塞卡尔在讨论大脑定位问题，特别是失语症问题时考虑了这一概念的应用。本文讨论了布朗 - 塞卡尔自1861年起关于失语症的观点的起源和发展，以及他在知识从巴黎向伦敦转移（涉及布洛卡和杰克逊）过程中可能发挥的作用。在19世纪70年代，布朗 - 塞卡尔在生物学会面前与夏科就大脑定位问题展开了辩论。布朗 - 塞卡尔反对定位的集群理论，提出了“相互吻合细胞网络”理论，这是一种网络理论，其中执行相同功能的分散细胞通过神经纤维相连。对他来说，这是一个合理的理论，他能用这个理论解释几个部位受损可能产生相同效果这一事实，也能解释尽管大脑受到广泛损伤但某些功能仍未受损的观察结果。虽然布朗 - 塞卡尔的论点并不总是有效，因为它们基于不精确的观察，但如今他的动态模型似乎很有价值。他影响了像戈尔茨这样的“反定位论者”，也影响了杰克逊，可能还影响了冯·莫纳科夫和谢灵顿。
