Gasser J
Département Universitaire de Psychiatrie Adulte, Lausanne.
Rev Neurol (Paris). 1994 Aug-Sep;150(8-9):529-35.
During the course of his convincing research into localizing cerebral motor areas, Charcot used the clinico-pathological method and his faith in localization for the study of aphasia. Thus, in 1883, he gave a course on the subject which is one of the most complex among the study of cerebral diseases. In this series of lessons, he was able to organize data from clinical studies, anatomy and psychology. In fact, for Charcot in 1883, aphasia was simple a particular kind of amnesia which could be taken as more or less severe partial loss of word memory. Memory itself would not exist, but would be divided into a number of autonomous partial memories. Charcot did not discover until some years later, basically from observing patients with hysteria, that memory is not only a stock of sensations but that it can also be used to save personal, autobiographical information. This led him to consider memory impairment not only as an organic disease but also as a psychological disease.
在对大脑运动区域进行令人信服的定位研究过程中，夏科采用临床病理方法，并基于他对定位的信念来研究失语症。因此，1883年他开设了一门关于该主题的课程，这是脑部疾病研究中最复杂的主题之一。在这一系列课程中，他能够整合临床研究、解剖学和心理学的数据。事实上，在1883年，对夏科来说，失语症仅仅是一种特殊的失忆症，或多或少可被视为词语记忆的部分严重丧失。记忆本身并不存在，而是会被划分为多个自主的部分记忆。直到几年后，主要通过观察癔症患者，夏科才发现记忆不仅是感觉的存储库，还可用于保存个人的自传性信息。这使他不仅将记忆障碍视为一种器质性疾病，还视为一种心理疾病。
