《美国黑人的“人类病理学”》：人类学、遗传学与新种族科学，1940 - 1952年

An 'anthropathology' of the 'American Negro': anthropology, genetics, and the new racial science, 1940-1952.

作者信息

Tapper M

机构信息

Department of anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, USA.

出版信息

Soc Hist Med. 1997 Aug;10(2):263-89. doi: 10.1093/shm/10.2.263.

DOI:10.1093/shm/10.2.263

PMID:11619496

Abstract

This essay documents how, in the 1940s and early 1950s, one scientifically discredited racialist assumption, namely the notion that 'hybridity', embodied by the 'American Negro', and linked to degeneration and disease, was re-authorized, again by science, through the discursive fusion of anthropology, medicine and genetics in the context of a particular disease--sickle cell anaemia. More specifically, I am concerned with the construction of what came to be called an 'anthropathology' of the 'American Negro', the discourse networks that situated it, its conditions of possibility and its consequences.

摘要

本文记录了在20世纪40年代和50年代初，一个在科学上已被否定的种族主义假设是如何再次通过科学得以重新认可的。这个假设即由“美国黑人”所体现的“混血”概念，与退化和疾病相关联。这一重新认可发生在一种特定疾病——镰状细胞贫血的背景下，是通过人类学、医学和遗传学在话语层面的融合实现的。更具体地说，我关注的是后来被称为“美国黑人”的“人类病理学”的构建、使其得以确立的话语网络、其可能性条件及其后果。