Ruffat M
Institut d'Histoire du Temps Present, Cachan Cedex, France.
Dynamis. 1998;18:447-63.
Insurance has played a role in the develoment of prevention of work-related accidents in several ways in France since the industrical revolution. The first attempts at prevention were taken at the initiative of manufacturers' associations, but it remained a matter of goodwill for manufacturers. The 1898 law gave systematic, if partial, financial responsability for occupational hazards to employers, who turned to insurance companies to carry the risks. As a result a new branch of insurance (assurance-loi) appeared, which accounted for 40% of general accident revenue for companies at the time of World War II. But the new law made no mention of prevention and even had a negative impact, since compensation was taken care of by insurance. However, after World War I, insurance companies created an association for the prevention of work-related accidents and illnesses and started to adjust rates according to the prevention efforts of corporations. When social insurance was generalized in 1946, insurance of occupational hazards went under state control and became compulsory. But the experience accumulated in the field of prevention by insurance companies was put to use in this new context, both on the technical side and the financial side.
自工业革命以来，保险在法国以多种方式推动了与工作相关事故预防工作的发展。最初的预防尝试是由制造商协会发起的，但这对制造商来说仍是出于善意的行为。1898年的法律将职业危害的系统性财务责任（尽管只是部分责任）赋予了雇主，雇主转而向保险公司转嫁风险。结果，一个新的保险分支（法定保险）出现了，在第二次世界大战期间，它占公司一般事故收入的40%。但新法律没有提及预防，甚至产生了负面影响，因为赔偿由保险负责。然而，第一次世界大战后，保险公司成立了一个预防与工作相关事故和疾病的协会，并开始根据企业的预防努力来调整费率。1946年社会保险普及后，职业危害保险由国家控制并成为强制性的。但保险公司在预防领域积累的经验在这一新背景下，无论是在技术方面还是财务方面都得到了应用。
