Slavec Z Z
Institute for the History of Medicine, University Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Vesalius. 1998 Dec;4(2):51-9.
Of all medical sciences in Slovenia, occupational medicine has the longest tradition. It is not a mere coincidence that it had developed already at the beginning of 18th century in Idria. The Mercury mine in Idria, is the second largest European mine of its kind, next to the Spanish Almaden, and has been owned by the Habsburg dynasty for four centuries. To attain higher production, the miners in Idria received medical and social care much earlier than anywhere else; chronic intoxication caused by mercury fumes greatly hindered their working ability. The first and, at the same time, one of the most prominent doctors in Idria, J.A. Scopoli (1723-1788) perfectly described the symptoms of chronic intoxication with mercury in his work De Hydrargyro Idriensi Tentamina Physico-Chymico-Medica (Venice, 1761) and thus ranked himself among the early medical writers of occupational medicine, medical hygiene and toxicology. His predecessors were Ellenbog, Paracelsus, Mattioli and some others. The article describes the situation in the mine of Idria in the 17th and 18th century and focusses on Scopoli's mineralogical and medical discussion on mercury miners and mercurialism.
在斯洛文尼亚的所有医学学科中，职业医学有着最长的传统。它于18世纪初在伊德里亚发展起来并非偶然。伊德里亚的汞矿是欧洲同类第二大矿，仅次于西班牙的阿尔马登，并且在四个世纪里一直为哈布斯堡王朝所有。为了提高产量，伊德里亚的矿工比其他任何地方的矿工更早地得到了医疗和社会护理；汞蒸气引起的慢性中毒极大地阻碍了他们的工作能力。伊德里亚的第一位，同时也是最杰出的医生之一，J.A. 斯科波利（1723 - 1788）在他的著作《De Hydrargyro Idriensi Tentamina Physico - Chymico - Medica》（威尼斯，1761年）中完美地描述了汞慢性中毒的症状，从而跻身职业医学、医学卫生学和毒理学早期医学作家之列。他的前辈有埃伦博格、帕拉塞尔苏斯、马蒂奥利等人。本文描述了17和18世纪伊德里亚矿的情况，并着重介绍了斯科波利关于汞矿工和汞中毒的矿物学及医学论述。
