Read J
Sci Can. 1998;22:103-29. doi: 10.7202/800408ar.
At the turn of the twentieth century, water pollution was the primary vector spreading waterborne disease and a public health issue. In the Great Lakes basin, unprecedentedly high mortality from typhoid fever prompted a conference of federal and provincial public health officials in 1910. Three related initiatives resulted: the provincial government amended the Public Health Act in 1912; federal legislators attempted to develop national pollution control legislation between 1912 and 1915; the International Joint Commission investigated cross boundary pollution in 1912 and recommended a convention to control it. Of the three initiatives, only the provincial Public Health Act amendments were carried to fruition. By 1915, the almost universal adoption of chlorine treatment for municipal water supplies effectively controlled waterborne disease and there was no longer a perceived need for further action.
在二十世纪之交，水污染是传播水传播疾病的主要媒介，也是一个公共卫生问题。在五大湖流域，伤寒热导致的空前高死亡率促使联邦和省级公共卫生官员于1910年召开了一次会议。由此产生了三项相关举措：省政府于1912年修订了《公共卫生法》；联邦立法者在1912年至1915年期间试图制定国家污染控制立法；国际联合委员会于1912年调查了跨界污染问题，并建议制定一项公约来加以控制。在这三项举措中，只有省级《公共卫生法》修正案得以实现。到1915年，市政供水几乎普遍采用氯处理，有效控制了水传播疾病，人们不再认为有必要采取进一步行动。
