Terlouw T
Gewina. 1996;19(4):263-79.
In this article the introduction and further development of remedial gymnastics in the Netherlands from 1840 until about 1900 is described. In the second half of the 19th century there was an increasing interest for the application of remedial gymnastics as a form of conservative medical treatment. Contrary to what one would expect, it were not physicians but mostly physical education teachers who dedicated themselves to this kind of treatment. The activities of these so-called 'heilgymnasten' gradually gained recognition from the public and the physicians. The lack of a proper training school, research facilities and a forum for exchanging experiences forced the 'heilgymnasten' to raise the level of their skills and knowledge by themselves. During the eighties, a period in which the process of differentiation and specialization in the field of medicin increased, conflicts between members of the medical profession and 'heilgymnastern' occurred more frequently. Some of the latter decided to form an organization that would look after their interests and would enable them to increase the professional level of the 'heilgymnasten'. On September 1st 1889 the 'Society for practising remedial gymnastics in the Netherlands' [Genootschap ter beoefening van de Heilgymnastiek in Nederland] was founded. The main aims of its members were to establish a state exam, a public training school as well as to ensure proper legislation for this new profession. The founding of the Socieity lifted the controversy between physicians and 'heilgymnasten' from the level of a dispute between individuals to that of a battle over the domain between professional organizations. What was at stake was the autonomy in the field of remedial gymnastics. This confrontation lasted until the Second World War. In 1942 the Dutch 'heilgymnasten' got the legal status for their profession that they had wanted so desperately.
本文描述了1840年至1900年左右荷兰矫正体操的引入及进一步发展。在19世纪下半叶，人们对将矫正体操作为一种保守治疗形式的应用兴趣日益浓厚。与人们的预期相反，致力于这种治疗的不是医生，而是体育教师。这些所谓的“健康体操师”的活动逐渐得到公众和医生的认可。由于缺乏合适的培训学校、研究设施和经验交流论坛，“健康体操师”不得不自行提高他们的技能和知识水平。在80年代，医学领域的分化和专业化进程加快，医学界成员与“健康体操师”之间的冲突更加频繁地发生。后者中的一些人决定成立一个组织，该组织将维护他们的利益，并使他们能够提高“健康体操师”的专业水平。1889年9月1日，“荷兰矫正体操实践协会”[Genootschap ter beoefening van de Heilgymnastiek in Nederland]成立。其成员的主要目标是设立国家考试、公立培训学校，并确保为这个新职业制定适当立法。该协会的成立将医生与“健康体操师”之间的争议从个人层面提升到了专业组织之间的领域之争。关键在于矫正体操领域的自主权。这种对抗一直持续到第二次世界大战。1942年，荷兰“健康体操师”获得了他们梦寐以求的职业法律地位。
