Fredricsson B
Nord Medicinhist Arsb. 1996:121-32.
Sweden lost its military and political powers at the treaties after the wars of Charles XII. This was hard to accept by the ruling parties. They felt they were in the right to restore Sweden's dominance in Northern Europe. Poor finances could be compensated for by foreign subsidies at a reasonable political price. To compensate for lost ships and lost military equipment took time. However, new soldiers could only be replaced by the natural way and thus a full regeneration period was necessary to fill the soldier's cottages with new material. So, Sweden felt competent to engage in war activities now and then, in 1741, 1757, 1788 and 1809, with more or less disastrous results, however. The necessity of appropriate medical backup for war actions was not much acknowledged by the war enthusiasts. However, these wars now took place much closer to Sweden's own territory than before, or even within its borders. In contrast to the wars of the 17th and early 18th centuries, where victims were lost on foreign ground and war invalids had major difficulties to return home, the Swedish society was now much more confronted with the consequences of insufficient war medical services. During the 18th century a number of order societies based on philanthropy were established in Sweden. Among them the Order of Carpenters (Timmermansorden), which was founded in 1761, directed its services to aid invalids of house-building and of war. That war invalids were especially mentioned was probably due to the fact that the Order was founded under influence from experiences made during the Seven Years War, in which Sweden took part in 1757-61. In 1796 the Order had the resources to found a hospital, mainly for the benefit of war invalids. This hospital happened to be the only institution of this kind in whole Sweden until 1818, with the exception of an invalid corps i Carlshamn. This hospital obtained royal acknowledgement, and a All Saints' Day collect was allowed to be taken in the churches of Stockholm for the support of the hospital from 1798, the right existed for almost a hundred years. From the very beginning prominent surgeons and physicians in Stockholm became members of this Order of Carpenters and a majority of those who founded the Swedish Society of Medicine and its predecessors were also members. Very probably they took impression from the type of philanthropy the Order represented, which influenced their professional work in society. This is evidenced by a document in the archives of the Order of Carpenters, written in 1811 by E.C. Trafvenfelt, who was the principal founder of the Swedish Society of Medicine and who in 1809 suggested the Swedish Parliament to establish an institute for the education of surgeons, later called the Karolinska institutet.
在查理十二世的战争结束后，瑞典依据条约丧失了军事和政治权力。这让执政党派难以接受。他们觉得自己有权恢复瑞典在北欧的主导地位。糟糕的财政状况可以通过以合理政治代价获取的外国补贴来弥补。弥补损失的舰船和军事装备需要时间。然而，新兵只能通过自然更替来补充，因此需要一段完整的恢复期，以便用新成员来充实兵营。所以，瑞典时不时地觉得自己有能力参与战争行动，在1741年、1757年、1788年和1809年都参与了战争，不过结果或多或少都很惨重。战争狂热者并没有充分认识到战争行动中适当医疗保障的必要性。然而，这些战争现在发生的地点比以前更靠近瑞典本土，甚至在其境内。与17世纪和18世纪早期的战争不同，那时伤亡人员在外国土地上，战争伤残者回国面临重大困难，而瑞典社会现在更多地直面战争医疗服务不足的后果。在18世纪，瑞典建立了一些基于慈善的共济会组织。其中，1761年成立的木匠共济会（Timmermansorden）将其服务方向指向援助房屋建造和战争中的伤残者。特别提到战争伤残者可能是因为该共济会是在七年战争（1757 - 一1761年瑞典参与其中）的经验影响下成立的。1796年，该共济会有资源建立了一家医院，主要是为了战争伤残者的利益。直到1818年，除了卡尔斯港的一个伤残军人军团外，这家医院是整个瑞典唯一此类机构。这家医院获得了皇家认可，从1798年起，允许在斯德哥尔摩的教堂为支持该医院进行万圣节募捐，这项权利存在了近一百年。从一开始，斯德哥尔摩的杰出外科医生和内科医生就成为了这个木匠共济会的成员，而且瑞典医学协会及其前身的大多数创立者也是成员。很可能他们受到了该共济会代表的慈善类型的影响，这也影响了他们在社会中的专业工作。这一点在木匠共济会档案中的一份文件中得到了证明，该文件由E.C. 特拉夫文费尔特于1811年撰写，他是瑞典医学协会的主要创立者，并且在1809年建议瑞典议会设立一所外科医生培训机构，后来称为卡罗琳斯卡学院。
