Mudry Albert
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 801 Welch Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5739, USA,
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2015 Jun;272(6):1341-5. doi: 10.1007/s00405-015-3512-1. Epub 2015 Feb 14.
At the beginning of 1864, von Tröltsch in Würzburg, Politzer in Vienna, and Schwartze in Halle, published the Archiv für Ohrenheilkunde, the first scientific journal devoted entirely to the diseases of the ear. As a very few details exist about the creation of this journal, three different contextual and influential aspects were studied to understand the generation of this journal: the means to transmit medical knowledge and the respective place of specialized medical journals; the concept of medical specialty and the establishment of otology as a specialty; and the level of otological knowledge and the need to have its proper journal. This research allows one to demonstrate that the creation of the Archiv für Ohrenheilkunde in 1864 arrived at the right historical moment. The timing was contextually appropriate in the general history of medicine and the favorable movement to the creation of medical specialties and specialized journals. It was not an event linked to hazard, but correlated with, first the vacant place laid for a specialized journal in otology, second, otology was almost established but still not recognized as a specialty and third otological knowledge was sufficiently broad to necessitate publishing its progress in its own specialized journal.
1864年初，维尔茨堡的冯·特勒尔奇、维也纳的波利策尔和哈雷的施瓦泽创办了《耳科医学文献》，这是第一份完全专注于耳部疾病的科学期刊。由于关于该期刊创办的细节很少，我们研究了三个不同的背景和影响因素，以了解该期刊的诞生：传播医学知识的方式以及专业医学期刊的各自地位；医学专业的概念以及耳科学作为一门专业的建立；耳科学知识的水平以及拥有其专属期刊的必要性。这项研究表明，1864年《耳科医学文献》的创办恰逢其时。从医学通史的背景来看，这个时机是恰当的，而且有利于医学专业和专业期刊的创建。这并非偶然事件，而是与以下因素相关：其一，耳科学领域为专业期刊留出了空缺；其二，耳科学几乎已经建立，但仍未被视为一门专业；其三，耳科学知识足够广泛，需要在其专属的专业期刊上发表进展情况。
