Lázaro J
Unidad de Historio de la Medicina, Dpto. de Psiquiatría, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
Arch Neurobiol (Madr). 1995;58(1):13-30.
One might consider that the first Spanish psychiatrists were a group of alienists, that have been forgotten for many years, who worked in isolated conditions in the asylums of the 19th Century. On the other hand, there were a group of personalities, university professors specialised in other disciplines, that were not psychiatrists but had a much greater influence than the former during the early stages of the development of Spanish psychiatry as a differentiated medical speciality. This development was produced (considerably later than in other European countries) in two successive stages: a preliminary one, with local or aborted institutions (from the 15th Century to the year 1919) and a further one, with institutions that extended throughout the entire country, and were developed between 1920 and 1936. These national institutions were the ones that defined the beginning of Spanish psychiatry. The first one, that appeared in January of 1920, was the journal Archivos de Neurobiología, that related each other, stimulated and served as on organ of expression to the remaining institutions that established this specialty. Finally, a summary is offered of the characteristics and the historical evolution of this journal emblematic of Spanish psychiatry, that is currently commemorating its 75th anniversary.
有人可能会认为，第一批西班牙精神病医生是一群被遗忘多年的精神病学家，他们在19世纪的精神病院里孤立地工作。另一方面，有一群并非精神病学家的人士，即其他学科的大学教授，他们在西班牙精神病学作为一门独特医学专科发展的早期阶段，其影响力比前者大得多。这种发展（比其他欧洲国家晚得多）分两个连续阶段进行：第一阶段是初步阶段，有一些地方或夭折的机构（从15世纪到1919年）；第二阶段是进一步发展阶段，有遍布全国的机构，这些机构在1920年至1936年间得到发展。这些全国性机构界定了西班牙精神病学的开端。1920年1月出现的第一份机构是《神经生物学档案》杂志，它与其他确立这一专科的机构相互关联、相互促进，并作为其表达的一个平台。最后，本文对这本象征西班牙精神病学的杂志的特点和历史演变进行了总结，该杂志目前正在庆祝其创刊75周年。
