Lumey L H, Van Poppel F W
Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
Soc Hist Med. 1994 Aug;7(2):229-46. doi: 10.1093/shm/7.2.229.
During the last months of the Second World War the Western Netherlands was affected by an acute famine, known as the Hunger Winter. Food intake from all sources was reduced to extremely low levels. The effect on mortality at all ages was very large and immediate. By making use of unpublished data from the Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics, estimates could be made of the changes in mortality by cause of death and age for both sexes. Mortality due to hunger was most common in the very young and the very old whereas the effects in males were more pronounced than in females. Hunger was a contributing factor to the increased mortality due to infectious diseases and diseases of the digestive system. In several follow-up studies on selected populations, long-term consequences of the famine could be studied. They related to reproductive outcomes of women who gave birth during the Hunger Winter, to birth weight, malformations, and perinatal mortalitiy of the newborn who were exposed to the famine during gestation, and to the long-term effects of the famine on the medical and psychological situation of infants born during the famine. Several studies on reproductive outcomes in the subsequent generation are also discussed.
在第二次世界大战的最后几个月里，荷兰西部地区遭受了一场严重饥荒，即“饥饿之冬”。来自各种渠道的食物摄入量降至极低水平。这对各年龄段死亡率的影响非常大且立竿见影。通过利用荷兰中央统计局未发表的数据，可以估算出男女因死因和年龄导致的死亡率变化。饥饿导致的死亡在婴幼儿和老年人中最为常见，而且男性受到的影响比女性更为明显。饥饿是导致传染病和消化系统疾病死亡率上升的一个因素。在对特定人群的多项后续研究中，可以研究饥荒的长期后果。这些后果涉及在“饥饿之冬”期间分娩的妇女的生殖结局、出生体重、畸形以及在孕期遭受饥荒的新生儿的围产期死亡率，还涉及饥荒对饥荒期间出生的婴儿的医疗和心理状况的长期影响。文中还讨论了关于后代生殖结局的几项研究。
